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bush-clover dodder, field dodder, five-angle dodder, western field dodder

fimbriate dodder, fringe dodder

Stems

yellow to orange, slender to medium.

yellow-orange, slender.

Inflorescences

dense, corymbiform to glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

loose, racemiform or corymbiform;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

Pedicels

0.5–3(–4.5) mm.

2–5(–7 mm).

Flowers

(4 or)5-merous, 1.4–2.5 mm, membranous, corolla lobes sometimes papillate;

calyx yellow to brown, angled, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny or not, lobes broadly ovate to rhombic, base auriculate, overlapping, forming prominent angles at sinuses, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex rounded;

corolla whitish, drying yellow to brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, tube campanulate, 0.7–1.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales ovate to oblong, 0.7–1.4 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded, ± uniformly densely fimbriate, 0.15–0.25 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.7–1.1 mm, equaling ovary.

5-merous, 3–5 mm, membranous, not papillate;

calyx light brown to reddish, cupulate-turbinate, 1/2–3/4 corolla tube length, divided 1/2 its length, not reticulate or shiny, lobes triangular-ovate, bases scarcely overlapping, margins entire, revolute, midvein not carinate, apex obtuse to subacute;

corolla white, drying creamy or reddish, 2.8–4.7 mm, tube campanulate, 2–3 mm, not saccate, lobes erect to spreading, triangular-ovate, 1/2 corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales oblong-ovate, 1.8–2.8 mm, equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.8–1.4 mm, rounded, uniformly densely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.3–0.5 mm;

stamens slightly exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.2–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.6–0.8 × 0.5–0.6 mm;

styles filiform, 1.6–2.5 mm, equaling or longer than ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to ovoid, 1.9–2.4 × 1.6–2.5 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively medium-sized to large interstylar aperture, translucent or not, base ± enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

globose-ovoid, 2.5–3.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, not thickened around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent, surrounded by withered corolla, indehiscent.

Seeds

4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

2–4, obcompressed, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 1.3–2 × 1–1.7 mm, hilum region subterminal.

2n

= 56.

Cuscuta pentagona

Cuscuta suaveolens

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat Hosts: herbs. Hosts: Medicago sativa, Trifolium.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) 20–1000 m. (100–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; MB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CA; OH; SD; TX; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cuscuta pentagona apparently has not spread outside of North America, where it is less common than C. campestris. It is currently included in North American noxious weeds lists although there is no evidence it attacks crops.

G. Engelmann (1859) distinguished four varieties of Cuscuta pentagona: var. calycina, var. microcalyx, var. pentagona, and var. verrucosa (Engelmann) Yuncker. T. G. Yuncker (1932, 1965) treated var. calycina and var. verrucosa at specific rank and provided a new name for each: C. campestris and C. glabrior, respectively. Cuscuta glabrior is currently accepted by all the North American overviews; C. campestris has been persistently considered a synonym of C. pentagona despite morphological and evolutionary evidence that the two are distinct (M. Costea et al. 2006c, 2015).

Cuscuta pentagona differs from C. campestris in its rhombic to ovate, auriculate calyx lobes with overlapping bases that form angles at sinuses and in its smaller flowers, capsules, and seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cuscuta suaveolens is an ephemeral weed associated with the cultivation of forage legumes; it has not been collected in recent decades.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Synonyms C. arvensis, C. pentagona var. microcalyx, Grammica pentagona
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 340, plate 6, figs. 22–24. (1842) Seringe: Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 3: 519. (1840)
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