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bush-clover dodder, field dodder, five-angle dodder, western field dodder

Cochise dodder

Stems

yellow to orange, slender to medium.

orange, medium to coarse.

Inflorescences

dense, corymbiform to glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

dense, corymbiform-glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0(or 1), ovate-triangular, fleshy to membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

Pedicels

0.5–3(–4.5) mm.

0.5–2 mm.

Flowers

(4 or)5-merous, 1.4–2.5 mm, membranous, corolla lobes sometimes papillate;

calyx yellow to brown, angled, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny or not, lobes broadly ovate to rhombic, base auriculate, overlapping, forming prominent angles at sinuses, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex rounded;

corolla whitish, drying yellow to brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, tube campanulate, 0.7–1.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales ovate to oblong, 0.7–1.4 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded, ± uniformly densely fimbriate, 0.15–0.25 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.7–1.1 mm, equaling ovary.

5-merous, 4–5.5 mm, receptacle and calyx fleshy, corolla membranous, not papillate;

calyx brownish, shallowly cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/3 its length, ± reticulate and shiny, lobes broadly ovate, bases overlapping, margins entire, midvein ± carinate, apex obtuse, sometimes with an appendage;

corolla white, drying creamy brown, 3.6–5 mm, tube campanulate, 1.5–3.5 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading to reflexed, broadly ovate, equaling corolla tube length, without hornlike appendages, margins entire, apex obtuse, straight;

infrastaminal scales ovate to oblong, 1.5–3.5 mm, equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.4–0.7 mm, truncate to rounded, sparsely fimbriate (sometimes only distally), fimbriae 0.1–0.4 mm;

stamens slightly exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments subulate, 0.5–0.9 mm;

anthers 0.5–0.9 × 0.3–0.4 mm;

styles stout, subulate, 0.9–2 mm, shorter than ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to ovoid, 1.9–2.4 × 1.6–2.5 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively medium-sized to large interstylar aperture, translucent or not, base ± enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

globose, 4–7 × 4–6 mm, thickened and raised around relatively large interstylar aperture, not translucent, surrounded by withered corolla at base, dehiscence circumscissile.

Seeds

4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.9–2.3 × 1.9–2.3 mm, hilum region lateral.

2n

= 56.

Cuscuta pentagona

Cuscuta mitriformis

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Hosts: herbs. Hosts: Ageratina, Ambrosia, Bouvardia, Commelina, Desmodium, Drymaria, Encelia, Eupatorium, Lupinus, Phaseolus, Salvia, Solanum, Stevia, Thalictrum, Verbena, and others.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) 1500–2500 m. (4900–8200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; MB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cuscuta pentagona apparently has not spread outside of North America, where it is less common than C. campestris. It is currently included in North American noxious weeds lists although there is no evidence it attacks crops.

G. Engelmann (1859) distinguished four varieties of Cuscuta pentagona: var. calycina, var. microcalyx, var. pentagona, and var. verrucosa (Engelmann) Yuncker. T. G. Yuncker (1932, 1965) treated var. calycina and var. verrucosa at specific rank and provided a new name for each: C. campestris and C. glabrior, respectively. Cuscuta glabrior is currently accepted by all the North American overviews; C. campestris has been persistently considered a synonym of C. pentagona despite morphological and evolutionary evidence that the two are distinct (M. Costea et al. 2006c, 2015).

Cuscuta pentagona differs from C. campestris in its rhombic to ovate, auriculate calyx lobes with overlapping bases that form angles at sinuses and in its smaller flowers, capsules, and seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cuscuta mitriformis is relatively widespread in Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Querétaro, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, and Zacatecas) but of conservation concern in the flora area, where it is known only from the Chiricahua Mountains in Cochise County, Arizona (M. Costea et al. 2013).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Synonyms C. arvensis, C. pentagona var. microcalyx, Grammica pentagona
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 340, plate 6, figs. 22–24. (1842) Engelmann ex Hemsley: Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 3: 54. (1880) — (as mitraeformis)
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