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bush-clover dodder, field dodder, five-angle dodder, western field dodder

Boggs Lake dodder

Stems

yellow to orange, slender to medium.

yellow to orange, slender.

Inflorescences

dense, corymbiform to glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

dense, glomerulate, 3–30-flowered, flowers sessile or subsessile, embedded in inflorescence of host;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels and/or flowers 0 or 1, lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

Pedicels

0.5–3(–4.5) mm.

0–0.6 mm.

Flowers

(4 or)5-merous, 1.4–2.5 mm, membranous, corolla lobes sometimes papillate;

calyx yellow to brown, angled, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny or not, lobes broadly ovate to rhombic, base auriculate, overlapping, forming prominent angles at sinuses, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex rounded;

corolla whitish, drying yellow to brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, tube campanulate, 0.7–1.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales ovate to oblong, 0.7–1.4 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded, ± uniformly densely fimbriate, 0.15–0.25 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.7–1.1 mm, equaling ovary.

4(or 5)-merous, 3–4 mm, membranous, calyx and corolla papillate;

calyx straw yellow, campanulate, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, finely reticulate, shiny, lobes triangular-ovate, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein not carinate, apex acuminate to long-attenuate, recurved;

corolla drying white or creamy white to brownish, 2.8–3.5 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate to urceolate, 1.5–2 mm, not saccate, lobes suberect to spreading, triangular-ovate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to long-attenuate, recurved;

infrastaminal scales oblong-ovate, 1–1.3 mm, 1/2–2/3 corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.3 mm, rounded, uniformly densely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm;

stamens included, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.1–0.3 mm;

anthers 0.4–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm;

styles filiform, 0.4–1.1 mm, 1/4 to ± equaling ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to ovoid, 1.9–2.4 × 1.6–2.5 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively medium-sized to large interstylar aperture, translucent or not, base ± enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

globose to depressed-globose, 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent, completely enclosed or capped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

Seeds

4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

1–4, obcompressed to slightly angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.2 × 0.8–1.1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

2n

= 56.

Cuscuta pentagona

Cuscuta howelliana

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering Aug–Sep.
Habitat Hosts: herbs. vernal pools.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) 30–1000 m. (100–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; MB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cuscuta pentagona apparently has not spread outside of North America, where it is less common than C. campestris. It is currently included in North American noxious weeds lists although there is no evidence it attacks crops.

G. Engelmann (1859) distinguished four varieties of Cuscuta pentagona: var. calycina, var. microcalyx, var. pentagona, and var. verrucosa (Engelmann) Yuncker. T. G. Yuncker (1932, 1965) treated var. calycina and var. verrucosa at specific rank and provided a new name for each: C. campestris and C. glabrior, respectively. Cuscuta glabrior is currently accepted by all the North American overviews; C. campestris has been persistently considered a synonym of C. pentagona despite morphological and evolutionary evidence that the two are distinct (M. Costea et al. 2006c, 2015).

Cuscuta pentagona differs from C. campestris in its rhombic to ovate, auriculate calyx lobes with overlapping bases that form angles at sinuses and in its smaller flowers, capsules, and seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Inflorescences of Cuscuta howelliana develop inside inflorescences of Epilobium densiflorum, Eryngium, and Navarretia; the flowers apparently synchronize their anthesis with that of the host’s flowers and achieve both protection from the host and access to the pollinators of the host. When it parasitizes Diplacus and Downingia, the parasite flowers but does not produce seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Synonyms C. arvensis, C. pentagona var. microcalyx, Grammica pentagona
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 340, plate 6, figs. 22–24. (1842) P. Rubtzov: Leafl. W. Bot. 10: 335. (1966)
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