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bush-clover dodder, field dodder, five-angle dodder, western field dodder

bushclover dodder

Stems

yellow to orange, slender to medium.

orange, medium.

Inflorescences

dense, corymbiform to glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

loose to compact, glomerulate or corymbiform;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

Pedicels

0.5–3(–4.5) mm.

0.8–4(–5) mm, sometimes papillate.

Flowers

(4 or)5-merous, 1.4–2.5 mm, membranous, corolla lobes sometimes papillate;

calyx yellow to brown, angled, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny or not, lobes broadly ovate to rhombic, base auriculate, overlapping, forming prominent angles at sinuses, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex rounded;

corolla whitish, drying yellow to brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, tube campanulate, 0.7–1.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales ovate to oblong, 0.7–1.4 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded, ± uniformly densely fimbriate, 0.15–0.25 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.7–1.1 mm, equaling ovary.

5-merous, 2.5–3.8 mm, membranous, perianth and ovary papillate;

calyx yellow to reddish brown, cupulate, ± equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny, lobes ovate-triangular, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex obtuse to subacute;

corolla white, drying yellow to reddish brown, 1.4–3.4 mm, tube campanulate, later globose, 1.1–1.8 mm, saccate between lines of stamen attachments, lobes spreading to reflexed, triangular, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales ovate to spatulate, 1.2–2 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded, uniformly densely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.3–0.7 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.4–0.7 mm;

anthers 0.4–0.7 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

styles filiform, 0.9–1.6 mm, equaling or longer than ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to ovoid, 1.9–2.4 × 1.6–2.5 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively medium-sized to large interstylar aperture, translucent or not, base ± enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

depressed-globose to depressed, 1.5–2.8 × 2.1–3.5 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively mid-sized to large interstylar aperture, not translucent, 1/2–2/3 of base enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

Seeds

4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

2–4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

2n

= 56.

Cuscuta pentagona

Cuscuta glabrior

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering Apr–Sep.
Habitat Hosts: herbs. Hosts: Amaranthus, Ambrosia, Amphiachyris, Asclepias, Convolvulus, Coreopsis, Croton, Dalea, Dyschoriste, Evolvulus, Gilia, Hedeoma, Helenium, Justicia, Lespedeza, Liatris, Machaeranthera, Medicago, Mimosa, Oenothera, Plantago, Polygonum, Prosopis, Ruellia, Solanum, Symphyotrichum, Thele­sperma, Tragia, Verbena, and other herbs.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) 10–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; MB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
LA; NM; OK; TX; UT; Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cuscuta pentagona apparently has not spread outside of North America, where it is less common than C. campestris. It is currently included in North American noxious weeds lists although there is no evidence it attacks crops.

G. Engelmann (1859) distinguished four varieties of Cuscuta pentagona: var. calycina, var. microcalyx, var. pentagona, and var. verrucosa (Engelmann) Yuncker. T. G. Yuncker (1932, 1965) treated var. calycina and var. verrucosa at specific rank and provided a new name for each: C. campestris and C. glabrior, respectively. Cuscuta glabrior is currently accepted by all the North American overviews; C. campestris has been persistently considered a synonym of C. pentagona despite morphological and evolutionary evidence that the two are distinct (M. Costea et al. 2006c, 2015).

Cuscuta pentagona differs from C. campestris in its rhombic to ovate, auriculate calyx lobes with overlapping bases that form angles at sinuses and in its smaller flowers, capsules, and seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cuscuta glabrior differs from C. campestris by papillate perianths, non-overlapping calyx lobe bases, corollas saccate between lines of stamen attachments, and capsules more than half enveloped by withered corolla.

Cuscuta glabrior is currently included in North American noxious weed lists although it is not known to attack any crops.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Synonyms C. arvensis, C. pentagona var. microcalyx, Grammica pentagona C. verrucosa var. glabrior, C. glabrior var. pubescens, C. pentagona var. glabrior, C. pentagona var. pubescens
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 340, plate 6, figs. 22–24. (1842) (Engelmann) Yuncker: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 140. (1932)
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