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bush-clover dodder, field dodder, five-angle dodder, western field dodder

boldingh's dodder, Caribbean dodder

Stems

yellow to orange, slender to medium.

yellow-orange, slender.

Inflorescences

dense, corymbiform to glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

glomerulate or compact-paniculiform, 15–70-flowered, flowers subsessile;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0–2, ovate to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acuminate to attenuate.

Pedicels

0.5–3(–4.5) mm.

0.2–0.6 mm.

Flowers

(4 or)5-merous, 1.4–2.5 mm, membranous, corolla lobes sometimes papillate;

calyx yellow to brown, angled, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny or not, lobes broadly ovate to rhombic, base auriculate, overlapping, forming prominent angles at sinuses, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex rounded;

corolla whitish, drying yellow to brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, tube campanulate, 0.7–1.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales ovate to oblong, 0.7–1.4 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded, ± uniformly densely fimbriate, 0.15–0.25 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.7–1.1 mm, equaling ovary.

5-merous, 2.5–4 mm, membranous, not papillate;

calyx brownish, campanulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, not reticulate, shiny, lobes oblong, obovate, ovate, or spatulate, bases overlapping, margins entire or finely serrulate-denticulate, midvein not carinate, apex acute to obtuse, each exceeded by hornlike appendage, 0.3–0.6 mm;

corolla creamy white, drying brown, 2.2–3.2 mm, tube campanulate, 1.2–1.6 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading to reflexed, ovate to lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, each with subapical, hornlike projection, 0.3–0.7 mm, margins entire or irregularly denticulate, apex obtuse, straight;

infrastaminal scales oblong to broadly ovate or rounded, 1.2–1.6 mm, equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.5–0.7 mm, sparsely, uniformly short-fimbriate, fimbriae 0.04–0.1 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.9 mm;

anthers 0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles stout, ± subulate, 0.9–2 mm, longer than ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to ovoid, 1.9–2.4 × 1.6–2.5 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively medium-sized to large interstylar aperture, translucent or not, base ± enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

globose to slightly depressed, 1.8–2.3 × 1–2 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent or becoming translucent very late, capped by withered corolla, dehiscence circumscissile.

Seeds

4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

1–4, angled, subglobose or ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 0.7–1.1 × 0.7–0.9 mm, hilum region subterminal.

2n

= 56.

Cuscuta pentagona

Cuscuta boldinghii

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering Jul–Nov.
Habitat Hosts: herbs. Hosts: herbs and woody plants.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; MB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Puerto Rico); n South America
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cuscuta pentagona apparently has not spread outside of North America, where it is less common than C. campestris. It is currently included in North American noxious weeds lists although there is no evidence it attacks crops.

G. Engelmann (1859) distinguished four varieties of Cuscuta pentagona: var. calycina, var. microcalyx, var. pentagona, and var. verrucosa (Engelmann) Yuncker. T. G. Yuncker (1932, 1965) treated var. calycina and var. verrucosa at specific rank and provided a new name for each: C. campestris and C. glabrior, respectively. Cuscuta glabrior is currently accepted by all the North American overviews; C. campestris has been persistently considered a synonym of C. pentagona despite morphological and evolutionary evidence that the two are distinct (M. Costea et al. 2006c, 2015).

Cuscuta pentagona differs from C. campestris in its rhombic to ovate, auriculate calyx lobes with overlapping bases that form angles at sinuses and in its smaller flowers, capsules, and seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cuscuta boldinghii was reported from Florida as a parasite of Citrus (L. C. Knorr 1949); it was collected again in Florida (Monroe County) in 2002.

Cuscuta boldinghii and C. erosa are the only species in the flora area bearing hornlike appendages with stomata on corolla lobes (M. Costea et al. 2011).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Synonyms C. arvensis, C. pentagona var. microcalyx, Grammica pentagona
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 340, plate 6, figs. 22–24. (1842) Urban: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 38. (1919)
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