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bush-clover dodder, field dodder, five-angle dodder, western field dodder

globe dodder

Stems

yellow to orange, slender to medium.

orange-yellow, slender.

Inflorescences

dense, corymbiform to glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

dense, corymbiform to glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

Pedicels

0.5–3(–4.5) mm.

0.4–1.3 mm.

Flowers

(4 or)5-merous, 1.4–2.5 mm, membranous, corolla lobes sometimes papillate;

calyx yellow to brown, angled, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny or not, lobes broadly ovate to rhombic, base auriculate, overlapping, forming prominent angles at sinuses, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex rounded;

corolla whitish, drying yellow to brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, tube campanulate, 0.7–1.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales ovate to oblong, 0.7–1.4 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded, ± uniformly densely fimbriate, 0.15–0.25 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.7–1.1 mm, equaling ovary.

5-merous, 2–2.6 mm, membranous, not papillate;

calyx straw yellow, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 2/3 its length, finely reticulate, shiny, lobes ovate, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein with multicellular protuberances, apex acute;

corolla white, drying creamy, 1.5–2.1 mm, tube cylindro-campanulate, becoming globose, 0.8–1.2 mm, not saccate, lobes erect to spreading, ovate-triangular, shorter than to equaling corolla tube length, margins usually entire, sometimes irregularly toothed, apex acute, straight to slightly incurved;

infrastaminal scales oblong or rounded, 0.9–1.3 mm, equaling or slightly longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.1–0.2 mm, uniformly fimbriate in distal 1/2, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.6 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.4–0.7 mm, shorter than to equaling ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to ovoid, 1.9–2.4 × 1.6–2.5 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively medium-sized to large interstylar aperture, translucent or not, base ± enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

depressed-globose, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.8 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, translucent, loosely surrounded or capped by withered corolla, dehiscence circumscissile.

Seeds

4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

3 or 4, angled, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.8–1 × 0.7–0.9 mm, hilum region almost terminal.

2n

= 56.

Cuscuta pentagona

Cuscuta azteca

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering Jul–Nov.
Habitat Hosts: herbs. Hosts: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae (especially Dalea), Malvaceae.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) 600–1800 m. (2000–5900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; MB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; Mexico
Discussion

Cuscuta pentagona apparently has not spread outside of North America, where it is less common than C. campestris. It is currently included in North American noxious weeds lists although there is no evidence it attacks crops.

G. Engelmann (1859) distinguished four varieties of Cuscuta pentagona: var. calycina, var. microcalyx, var. pentagona, and var. verrucosa (Engelmann) Yuncker. T. G. Yuncker (1932, 1965) treated var. calycina and var. verrucosa at specific rank and provided a new name for each: C. campestris and C. glabrior, respectively. Cuscuta glabrior is currently accepted by all the North American overviews; C. campestris has been persistently considered a synonym of C. pentagona despite morphological and evolutionary evidence that the two are distinct (M. Costea et al. 2006c, 2015).

Cuscuta pentagona differs from C. campestris in its rhombic to ovate, auriculate calyx lobes with overlapping bases that form angles at sinuses and in its smaller flowers, capsules, and seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Synonyms C. arvensis, C. pentagona var. microcalyx, Grammica pentagona C. potosina var. globifera
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 340, plate 6, figs. 22–24. (1842) Costea & Stefanović: Organisms Diversity Evol. 11: 381, figs. 1h, 2g, 4. (2011)
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