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bush-clover dodder, field dodder, five-angle dodder, western field dodder

California dodder, western dodder

Stems

yellow to orange, slender to medium.

yellowish to orange, medium.

Inflorescences

dense, corymbiform to glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

dense, glomerulate;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels and/or flowers 0 or 1, lanceolate to ovate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate.

Pedicels

0.5–3(–4.5) mm.

0–0.5(–1.5) mm.

Flowers

(4 or)5-merous, 1.4–2.5 mm, membranous, corolla lobes sometimes papillate;

calyx yellow to brown, angled, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny or not, lobes broadly ovate to rhombic, base auriculate, overlapping, forming prominent angles at sinuses, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex rounded;

corolla whitish, drying yellow to brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, tube campanulate, 0.7–1.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales ovate to oblong, 0.7–1.4 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded, ± uniformly densely fimbriate, 0.15–0.25 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.7–1.1 mm, equaling ovary.

5-merous, 2.7–3.4 mm, membranous, usually not papillate;

calyx usually yellow, campanulate, somewhat shorter than to equaling corolla tube length, divided 2/5–1/2 its length, not reticulate, shiny, lobes narrowly ovate to lanceolate, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein not carinate, apex acuminate;

corolla white, drying creamy white or yellow, 2.5–3.2 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate, 1.4–2.1 mm, saccate between lines of stamen attachments, lobes usually spreading, sometimes reflexed, lanceolate, shorter than corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acuminate, straight;

infrastaminal scales absent;

stamens ± exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.2–0.5 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.4 mm;

styles filiform, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm, shorter than ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to ovoid, 1.9–2.4 × 1.6–2.5 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively medium-sized to large interstylar aperture, translucent or not, base ± enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

globose to depressed-globose, 1.8–2.2 × 2–2.6 mm, slightly thickened, not raised, around relatively small interstylar aperture, translucent, surrounded by, not completely enclosed by, withered corolla (top of capsule visible), indehiscent.

Seeds

4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

2–4, obcompressed, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.8–1.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm, hilum region lateral.

2n

= 56.

Cuscuta pentagona

Cuscuta occidentalis

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering Mar–Sep.
Habitat Hosts: herbs. Hosts: Artemisia, Cistanthe, Corethrogyne, Diplacus, Epilobium, Ericameria, Erio­dictyon, Eriogonum, Hemizonia, Iva, Lotus, Lupinus, Monardella, Oenothera, Polygonum, Salvia, Sisym­brium, Trifolium, and others.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) 200–2500 m. (700–8200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; MB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cuscuta pentagona apparently has not spread outside of North America, where it is less common than C. campestris. It is currently included in North American noxious weeds lists although there is no evidence it attacks crops.

G. Engelmann (1859) distinguished four varieties of Cuscuta pentagona: var. calycina, var. microcalyx, var. pentagona, and var. verrucosa (Engelmann) Yuncker. T. G. Yuncker (1932, 1965) treated var. calycina and var. verrucosa at specific rank and provided a new name for each: C. campestris and C. glabrior, respectively. Cuscuta glabrior is currently accepted by all the North American overviews; C. campestris has been persistently considered a synonym of C. pentagona despite morphological and evolutionary evidence that the two are distinct (M. Costea et al. 2006c, 2015).

Cuscuta pentagona differs from C. campestris in its rhombic to ovate, auriculate calyx lobes with overlapping bases that form angles at sinuses and in its smaller flowers, capsules, and seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cuscuta occidentalis has been treated as C. californica var. breviflora, in which T. Beliz (1993) also included C. brachycalyx and C. suksdorfii. Cuscuta occidentalis differs from C. californica by its sessile or subsessile flowers, saccate corolla tube, relatively short anthers, relatively short styles, and translucent capsules that are completely enveloped by withered corollas (M. Costea and S. Stefanović 2009). Both C. californica and C. occidentalis are distinguished from C. suksdorfii by five-merous flowers, acute or acuminate calyx and corolla lobe apices, absence of infrastaminal scales, and capsules enclosed by withered corollas (M. Costea et al. 2006b).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Synonyms C. arvensis, C. pentagona var. microcalyx, Grammica pentagona C. californica var. breviflora
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 340, plate 6, figs. 22–24. (1842) Millspaugh: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 5: 204. (1923)
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