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butterbush dodder, button-bush dodder

Runyon's dodder

Stems

yellow-orange, medium.

yellow-orange, slender to medium.

Inflorescences

dense to loose, spiciform or paniculiform, commonly originating endogenously;

bracts at base of clusters 1 or 2, at base of pedicels and/or flowers 0 or 1, ovate, membranous, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse to acute.

loose, umbelliform or corymbiform;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

Pedicels

0–1 mm.

0.8–4(–5) mm, sometimes papillate.

Flowers

(3 or)4(or 5)-merous, 2–3 mm, membranous, not papillate;

calyx yellow-brown, shallowly cupulate, 1/2 corolla tube length, divided 2/3 its length, not reticulate, not shiny, lobes oblong-ovate, bases slightly overlapping, margins entire or serrulate, midvein not carinate, apex obtuse;

corolla white, drying creamy white, 1.8–2.8 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate to cylindric, 1.1–2.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, ovate, 1/3–1/2 corolla tube length, margins entire, apex obtuse, straight;

infrastaminal scales oblong, rounded, 0.9–1.7 mm, shorter than to equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.4 mm, sparsely fimbriate, more densely distally, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm;

stamens included to slightly exserted, equaling corolla lobes;

filaments 0.2–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.4 × 0.2–0.4 mm;

styles filiform or narrowly terete, (0.6–)1–2 mm, equaling or longer than ovary.

5-merous, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm, membranous, papillate on perianth, ovary, and capsule;

calyx reddish brown, cupulate, shorter than or equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, shiny, lobes triangular, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein sometimes ± carinate, base of calyx corresponding to each lobe with reflexed spurlike projection 0.1–0.6 mm, apex obtuse to subacute;

corolla white, drying reddish brown, 2.2–3.5 mm, tube campanulate-globose, 1.1–1.8 mm, saccate between lines of stamen attachments, lobes reflexed, triangular-ovate to lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales obovate to spatulate, 1.1–2 mm, equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.4 mm, rounded, uniformly densely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.3–0.7 mm;

stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.4–0.6 mm;

anthers 0.4–0.6 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

styles filiform, 0.9–1.8 mm, equaling or longer than ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to globose, 2.5–3.2(–4) × 2–4 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent, capped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

depressed-globose, 1.6–3 × 2–3.4 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively large interstylar aperture, not translucent, 1/2+ enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

Seeds

1 or 2, obcompressed, broadly ovoid, 1.4–2 × 1.3–1.4 mm, hilum region terminal.

4, angled, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9–1.4 × 0.8–1.1 mm, hilum region subterminal.

2n

= 60.

Cuscuta cephalanthi

Cuscuta runyonii

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering Mar–Dec.
Habitat stream and lake shores, marshes, and floodplain forests. Hosts: Dalea, Dyschoriste, Erig­eron, Gutierrezia, Hymenoxys, Justicia, Linum, Melam­podium, Nama, Oenothera, Spermolepis, Tetraneuris, Thamnosma, Thelesperma, Tiquilia.
Elevation 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cuscuta runyonii is closely allied with C. glabrior (M. Costea et al. 2015); it differs in having a spurlike appendage at the base of each calyx lobe.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 336, plate 6, figs. 1–6. (1842) Yuncker: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 69: 541, fig. 1. (1942)
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