Cuscuta cephalanthi |
Cuscuta japonica |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
butterbush dodder, button-bush dodder |
Japanese dodder |
|||||
Stems | yellow-orange, medium. |
yellow-orange, often with purple spots, medium to coarse. |
||||
Inflorescences | dense to loose, spiciform or paniculiform, commonly originating endogenously; bracts at base of clusters 1 or 2, at base of pedicels and/or flowers 0 or 1, ovate, membranous, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse to acute. |
spikes, racemes, or loose panicles, with 1–3(–7)-flowered cymes, flowers sessile or subsessile; bracts at base of clusters and flowers 1(or 2), broadly ovate, membranous, margins entire, apex obtuse. |
||||
Pedicels | 0–1 mm. |
0–1 mm. |
||||
Flowers | (3 or)4(or 5)-merous, 2–3 mm, membranous, not papillate; calyx yellow-brown, shallowly cupulate, 1/2 corolla tube length, divided 2/3 its length, not reticulate, not shiny, lobes oblong-ovate, bases slightly overlapping, margins entire or serrulate, midvein not carinate, apex obtuse; corolla white, drying creamy white, 1.8–2.8 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate to cylindric, 1.1–2.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, ovate, 1/3–1/2 corolla tube length, margins entire, apex obtuse, straight; infrastaminal scales oblong, rounded, 0.9–1.7 mm, shorter than to equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.4 mm, sparsely fimbriate, more densely distally, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm; stamens included to slightly exserted, equaling corolla lobes; filaments 0.2–0.4 mm; anthers 0.2–0.4 × 0.2–0.4 mm; styles filiform or narrowly terete, (0.6–)1–2 mm, equaling or longer than ovary. |
5-merous, 3–7 mm, fleshy, not papillate; calyx creamy white, drying yellow-brown, cupulate, 1/3–1/2 corolla tube length, divided 2/3 its length, not reticulate or shiny, lobes orbiculate to ovate, bases overlapping, margins entire, not partly hyaline, midvein carinate or not, apex acute to obtuse; corolla greenish white to pink, drying creamy yellow, 2.6–6.8 mm, tube cylindric, 2–4.3 mm, not saccate, lobes erect to spreading, ovate to ovate-triangular, 1/3–1/2 tube length, margins irregularly crenulate or entire, apex rounded to obtuse; infrastaminal scales oblong to ovate, 1.8–2.8 mm, 1/2 to equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.4–0.1 mm, rounded, with dense, thin fimbriae, 0.1–0.3 mm on margins; stamens included, shorter than corolla lobes; filaments 0–0.1 mm; anthers 0.6–1.1 × 0.5–0.7 mm; styles 1, not distally 2-fid or separable, 1–1.6 mm, equaling or longer than ovary, longer than stigma; stigmas globose, ellipsoid, ovoid, obovoid, conic, or ± cuboid, 0.1–0.6 mm. |
||||
Capsules | depressed-globose to globose, 2.5–3.2(–4) × 2–4 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent, capped by withered corolla, indehiscent. |
ovoid to helmet-shaped, 4.5–5.5(–7) × 3–3.6(–5) mm, not translucent, capped by withered corolla. |
||||
Seeds | 1 or 2, obcompressed, broadly ovoid, 1.4–2 × 1.3–1.4 mm, hilum region terminal. |
1–3, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, slightly obcompressed, 2.5–2.8 × 1.1–1.7 mm, hilum region terminal. |
||||
2n | = 60. |
|||||
Cuscuta cephalanthi |
Cuscuta japonica |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | stream and lake shores, marshes, and floodplain forests. | |||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON
|
e Asia [Introduced in North America] |
||||
Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. | ||||
Parent taxa | Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica | Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Monogynella | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 336, plate 6, figs. 1–6. (1842) | Choisy in H. Zollinger: Syst. Verz. 2: 134. (1854) | ||||
Web links |
|