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butterbush dodder, button-bush dodder

Japanese dodder

Stems

yellow-orange, medium.

yellow-orange, often with purple spots, medium to coarse.

Inflorescences

dense to loose, spiciform or paniculiform, commonly originating endogenously;

bracts at base of clusters 1 or 2, at base of pedicels and/or flowers 0 or 1, ovate, membranous, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse to acute.

spikes, racemes, or loose panicles, with 1–3(–7)-flowered cymes, flowers sessile or subsessile;

bracts at base of clusters and flowers 1(or 2), broadly ovate, membranous, margins entire, apex obtuse.

Pedicels

0–1 mm.

0–1 mm.

Flowers

(3 or)4(or 5)-merous, 2–3 mm, membranous, not papillate;

calyx yellow-brown, shallowly cupulate, 1/2 corolla tube length, divided 2/3 its length, not reticulate, not shiny, lobes oblong-ovate, bases slightly overlapping, margins entire or serrulate, midvein not carinate, apex obtuse;

corolla white, drying creamy white, 1.8–2.8 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate to cylindric, 1.1–2.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, ovate, 1/3–1/2 corolla tube length, margins entire, apex obtuse, straight;

infrastaminal scales oblong, rounded, 0.9–1.7 mm, shorter than to equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.4 mm, sparsely fimbriate, more densely distally, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm;

stamens included to slightly exserted, equaling corolla lobes;

filaments 0.2–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.4 × 0.2–0.4 mm;

styles filiform or narrowly terete, (0.6–)1–2 mm, equaling or longer than ovary.

5-merous, 3–7 mm, fleshy, not papillate;

calyx creamy white, drying yellow-brown, cupulate, 1/3–1/2 corolla tube length, divided 2/3 its length, not reticulate or shiny, lobes orbiculate to ovate, bases overlapping, margins entire, not partly hyaline, midvein carinate or not, apex acute to obtuse;

corolla greenish white to pink, drying creamy yellow, 2.6–6.8 mm, tube cylindric, 2–4.3 mm, not saccate, lobes erect to spreading, ovate to ovate-triangular, 1/3–1/2 tube length, margins irregularly crenulate or entire, apex rounded to obtuse;

infrastaminal scales oblong to ovate, 1.8–2.8 mm, 1/2 to equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.4–0.1 mm, rounded, with dense, thin fimbriae, 0.1–0.3 mm on margins;

stamens included, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0–0.1 mm;

anthers 0.6–1.1 × 0.5–0.7 mm;

styles 1, not distally 2-fid or separable, 1–1.6 mm, equaling or longer than ovary, longer than stigma;

stigmas globose, ellipsoid, ovoid, obovoid, conic, or ± cuboid, 0.1–0.6 mm.

Capsules

depressed-globose to globose, 2.5–3.2(–4) × 2–4 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent, capped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

ovoid to helmet-shaped, 4.5–5.5(–7) × 3–3.6(–5) mm, not translucent, capped by withered corolla.

Seeds

1 or 2, obcompressed, broadly ovoid, 1.4–2 × 1.3–1.4 mm, hilum region terminal.

1–3, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, slightly obcompressed, 2.5–2.8 × 1.1–1.7 mm, hilum region terminal.

2n

= 60.

Cuscuta cephalanthi

Cuscuta japonica

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct.
Habitat stream and lake shores, marshes, and floodplain forests.
Elevation 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
e Asia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Corollas 3–5 mm; stigmas conic, ellipsoid, glo­bose, obovoid, or ovoid.
var. japonica
1. Corollas 4–7 mm; stigmas ± cuboid.
var. formosana
Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Monogynella
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Subordinate taxa
C. japonica var. formosana, C. japonica var. japonica
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 336, plate 6, figs. 1–6. (1842) Choisy in H. Zollinger: Syst. Verz. 2: 134. (1854)
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