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butterbush dodder, button-bush dodder

Harper's dodder

Stems

yellow-orange, medium.

orange-yellow, filiform.

Inflorescences

dense to loose, spiciform or paniculiform, commonly originating endogenously;

bracts at base of clusters 1 or 2, at base of pedicels and/or flowers 0 or 1, ovate, membranous, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse to acute.

loose, corymbiform;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0(or 1), ovate-triangular, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

Pedicels

0–1 mm.

0.5–2.5(–3) mm.

Flowers

(3 or)4(or 5)-merous, 2–3 mm, membranous, not papillate;

calyx yellow-brown, shallowly cupulate, 1/2 corolla tube length, divided 2/3 its length, not reticulate, not shiny, lobes oblong-ovate, bases slightly overlapping, margins entire or serrulate, midvein not carinate, apex obtuse;

corolla white, drying creamy white, 1.8–2.8 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate to cylindric, 1.1–2.2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, ovate, 1/3–1/2 corolla tube length, margins entire, apex obtuse, straight;

infrastaminal scales oblong, rounded, 0.9–1.7 mm, shorter than to equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.4 mm, sparsely fimbriate, more densely distally, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm;

stamens included to slightly exserted, equaling corolla lobes;

filaments 0.2–0.4 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.4 × 0.2–0.4 mm;

styles filiform or narrowly terete, (0.6–)1–2 mm, equaling or longer than ovary.

4(or 5)-merous, 0.9–1.1(–1.5) mm, fleshy, corolla lobes papillate;

calyx brownish yellow, angled, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, ± reticulate, rarely shiny, lobes broadly ovate-rhombic, bases ± auriculate, overlapping, forming prominent angles at sinuses, margins entire, midvein ± carinate, apex rounded;

corolla white, drying cream to brownish, 0.9–1.2 mm, tube campanulate, 0.5–0.7 mm, not saccate, lobes reflexed, triangular-ovate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex subacute to acute, inflexed;

infrastaminal scales narrowly oblong to obovate, 0.6–0.9 mm, equaling or longer than corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.3 mm, rounded, sparsely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm;

stamens exserted, slightly shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.1–0.2 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

styles filiform, 0.5–0.9 mm, shorter than ovary.

Capsules

depressed-globose to globose, 2.5–3.2(–4) × 2–4 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent, capped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

globose to ovoid, 1.2–2.3 × 1.2–1.6 mm, not thickened around relatively small to moderately large interstylar aperture, ± translucent, withered corolla enveloping 1/4–1/3 of base, indehiscent.

Seeds

1 or 2, obcompressed, broadly ovoid, 1.4–2 × 1.3–1.4 mm, hilum region terminal.

1 or 2, subglobose, with longitudinal groove on adaxial face, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1.1 mm, hilum region terminal.

2n

= 60.

Cuscuta cephalanthi

Cuscuta harperi

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering Sep–Nov.
Habitat stream and lake shores, marshes, and floodplain forests. sandstone, less frequently, granite outcrops.
Elevation 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) 200–600 m. (700–2000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cuscuta harperi is closely allied with C. pentagona (M. Costea et al. 2015), from which it differs in smaller, four-merous flowers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Name authority Engelmann: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 336, plate 6, figs. 1–6. (1842) Small: Fl. S.E. U.S. ed. 2, 1361, 1375. (1913)
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