Cuscuta campestris |
Cuscuta warneri |
|
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cuscute des champs, field dodder, five-angle dodder, large-seed alfalfa dodder |
Warner's dodder |
|
Stems | yellow to orange, medium. |
yellow, filiform. |
Inflorescences | dense, corymbiform or glomerulate; bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute. |
dense, glomerulate or corymbiform; bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0(or 1), ovate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute. |
Pedicels | 0.3–2.5(–3.5) mm. |
0.5–1 mm, papillate. |
Flowers | (4 or)5-merous, 1.9–3.6 mm, membranous, not papillate; calyx yellow, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 2/5–3/5 its length, reticulate, shiny, lobes ovate-triangular, bases overlapping, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex obtuse to rounded; corolla creamy white, drying creamy or golden yellow, 2–3.5 mm, tube campanulate, (1.1–)1.5–1.9 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular to triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed; infrastaminal scales oblong-ovate to spatulate, rounded, 1.5–2 mm, equaling or exceeding corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, uniformly densely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.3–0.4(–0.5) mm; stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes; filaments 0.4–0.7 mm; anthers (0.3–)0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm; styles filiform, 0.5–1.6 mm, shorter than to equaling ovary. |
5-merous, 2.1–4 mm, slightly fleshy, perianth cells convex, domelike, papillate on corolla, ovary, and capsule; calyx brownish yellow, campanulate-cupulate, 1/2 corolla tube length, divided 1/2 its length, not reticulate, not shiny, lobes triangular-ovate, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein carinate, sometimes with multicellular projections, apex enlarged, each with a hornlike appendage 0.5–0.7 mm; corolla creamy white, drying brownish, 1.8–3.5 mm, tube campanulate-urceolate, 1.5–2.5 mm, not saccate, lobes erect, connivent, triangular-ovate, 1/4–1/3 corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute, inflexed; infrastaminal scales relatively poorly developed, oblong, 1.3–1.2 mm, 4/5 corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.3 mm, truncate, irregularly dentate or short-fimbriate distally, fimbriae 0.05–0.1 mm; stamens included, shorter than corolla lobes; filaments 0.4–0.5 mm; anthers 0.4–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm; styles filiform, 0.2–0.4 mm, shorter than ovary. |
Capsules | depressed-globose to depressed, 1.3–2.8 × 1.9–3.8 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively large interstylar aperture, sometimes translucent, to 1/3 enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent. |
globose, 1.8–2.5 × 1.9–3 mm, thickened and raised in collar around style base, translucent, surrounded or capped by withered corolla, indehiscent. |
Seeds | 4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 1.1–1.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, hilum region subterminal. |
3 or 4, shape heterogeneous on same plant: obcompressed to weakly angled, broadly ellipsoid to transversely oblique, 1.3–1.6 × 1.2–1.4 mm, hilum region subterminal. |
2n | = 56. |
|
Cuscuta campestris |
Cuscuta warneri |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Nov. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Hosts: Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, and others (M. Costea and F. J. Tardif 2006). | Hosts: known only from Phyla cuneata and P. incisa. |
Elevation | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) | 1500–1700 m. (4900–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico
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NM; UT |
Discussion | Reports of Cuscuta campestris from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island have not been verified. Cuscuta campestris is the most widespread species of the genus in North America and perhaps the most successful and prevalent Cuscuta weed species worldwide; it has been recorded from South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. It has been often referred to in North America as C. pentagona, which has smaller flowers and angled calyces. The two species are closely related; C. campestris is a hybrid species and C. pentagona is one of its progenitors (M. Costea et al. 2015b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cuscuta warneri is currently considered possibly extinct in Utah by NatureServe (http://explorer.natureserve.org); it was rediscovered in Roosevelt County, New Mexico, in 2008. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica | Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. pentagona var. calycina | |
Name authority | Yuncker: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 138. (1932) | Yuncker: Brittonia 12: 38, fig. 1. (1960) |
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