Cuscuta campestris |
Cuscuta boldinghii |
|
---|---|---|
cuscute des champs, field dodder, five-angle dodder, large-seed alfalfa dodder |
boldingh's dodder, Caribbean dodder |
|
Stems | yellow to orange, medium. |
yellow-orange, slender. |
Inflorescences | dense, corymbiform or glomerulate; bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate or ovate-triangular to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute. |
glomerulate or compact-paniculiform, 15–70-flowered, flowers subsessile; bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0–2, ovate to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acuminate to attenuate. |
Pedicels | 0.3–2.5(–3.5) mm. |
0.2–0.6 mm. |
Flowers | (4 or)5-merous, 1.9–3.6 mm, membranous, not papillate; calyx yellow, cupulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 2/5–3/5 its length, reticulate, shiny, lobes ovate-triangular, bases overlapping, margins entire, midvein not carinate, without multicellular protuberances, apex obtuse to rounded; corolla creamy white, drying creamy or golden yellow, 2–3.5 mm, tube campanulate, (1.1–)1.5–1.9 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading, triangular to triangular-lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed; infrastaminal scales oblong-ovate to spatulate, rounded, 1.5–2 mm, equaling or exceeding corolla tube length, bridged at 0.3–0.5 mm, uniformly densely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.3–0.4(–0.5) mm; stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes; filaments 0.4–0.7 mm; anthers (0.3–)0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm; styles filiform, 0.5–1.6 mm, shorter than to equaling ovary. |
5-merous, 2.5–4 mm, membranous, not papillate; calyx brownish, campanulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 its length, not reticulate, shiny, lobes oblong, obovate, ovate, or spatulate, bases overlapping, margins entire or finely serrulate-denticulate, midvein not carinate, apex acute to obtuse, each exceeded by hornlike appendage, 0.3–0.6 mm; corolla creamy white, drying brown, 2.2–3.2 mm, tube campanulate, 1.2–1.6 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading to reflexed, ovate to lanceolate, equaling corolla tube length, each with subapical, hornlike projection, 0.3–0.7 mm, margins entire or irregularly denticulate, apex obtuse, straight; infrastaminal scales oblong to broadly ovate or rounded, 1.2–1.6 mm, equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.5–0.7 mm, sparsely, uniformly short-fimbriate, fimbriae 0.04–0.1 mm; stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes; filaments 0.3–0.9 mm; anthers 0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm; styles stout, ± subulate, 0.9–2 mm, longer than ovary. |
Capsules | depressed-globose to depressed, 1.3–2.8 × 1.9–3.8 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively large interstylar aperture, sometimes translucent, to 1/3 enveloped by withered corolla, indehiscent. |
globose to slightly depressed, 1.8–2.3 × 1–2 mm, not thickened or raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent or becoming translucent very late, capped by withered corolla, dehiscence circumscissile. |
Seeds | 4, angled, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 1.1–1.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, hilum region subterminal. |
1–4, angled, subglobose or ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 0.7–1.1 × 0.7–0.9 mm, hilum region subterminal. |
2n | = 56. |
|
Cuscuta campestris |
Cuscuta boldinghii |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Nov. | Flowering Jul–Nov. |
Habitat | Hosts: Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, and others (M. Costea and F. J. Tardif 2006). | Hosts: herbs and woody plants. |
Elevation | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico
|
FL; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Puerto Rico); n South America |
Discussion | Reports of Cuscuta campestris from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island have not been verified. Cuscuta campestris is the most widespread species of the genus in North America and perhaps the most successful and prevalent Cuscuta weed species worldwide; it has been recorded from South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. It has been often referred to in North America as C. pentagona, which has smaller flowers and angled calyces. The two species are closely related; C. campestris is a hybrid species and C. pentagona is one of its progenitors (M. Costea et al. 2015b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cuscuta boldinghii was reported from Florida as a parasite of Citrus (L. C. Knorr 1949); it was collected again in Florida (Monroe County) in 2002. Cuscuta boldinghii and C. erosa are the only species in the flora area bearing hornlike appendages with stomata on corolla lobes (M. Costea et al. 2011). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica | Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. pentagona var. calycina | |
Name authority | Yuncker: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 138. (1932) | Urban: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 38. (1919) |
Web links |
|