Cuphea carthagenensis |
Cuphea wrightii |
|
---|---|---|
Colombian waxweed |
Wright's waxweed |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, [subshrubs], 1–6 dm, with fibrous roots. | Herbs annual, 1–4 dm, with fibrous roots. |
Stems | erect to decumbent and spreading, usually much-branched, hispid and setose, sometimes also puberulent. |
erect, sparsely branched, dark purple-red-glandular-setose, glandular-viscid. |
Leaves | opposite, subsessile or sessile; petiole 0–2 mm; blade broadly elliptic to lanceolate, 12–55 × 5–25 mm, base attenuate. |
opposite, petiolate proximally, sessile distally; petiole 1–10[–22] mm; blade ovate to lanceolate, 10–35[–50] × 3–15[–20] mm, base rounded to cuneate. |
Racemes | leafy. |
leafy. |
Pedicels | 1–2 mm. |
(1–)4–6 mm. |
Flowers | alternate, 1 interpetiolar, with 1–3 flowers on axillary branchlets; floral tube purple adaxially and distally, or green throughout, 4–6 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous except veins sparsely and coarsely setose; base rounded or a descending spur, 0.5 mm; inner surface glabrous; epicalyx segments thick, often terminated by a bristle; sepals equal; petals 6, deep purple or rose purple, subspatulate, subequal, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm; stamens 11, extending 2/3 distance to sinus of sepals. |
alternate, solitary and interpetiolar, (with 2 or 3 axillary); floral tube pale abaxially, purple-red to purple-black with dark veins adaxially, 5–11 × 1 mm, purple-red-glandular-setose; base rounded [or a descending spur], to 0.5 mm; inner surface glabrous proximally, lightly villous to glabrous distal to stamens; epicalyx segments thick, 2 flanking the adaxialmost sepal terminated by a bristle; sepals unequal, adaxialmost longer; petals 6, purple or rose [bicolor, with white abaxial petals], obovate to orbiculate, unequal, 4 abaxial 0.5–1[–2.5] × 0.2 mm, 2 adaxial 1–2[–5] × 0.7 mm; stamens 11, reaching or surpassing sinus of sepals. |
Seeds | (4–)6(–9), elliptic to suborbiculate in outline, 1.5–1.7 × 0.2–1.5 mm, margin narrow, flattened, thin. |
3–6 [or 7], oblong-elliptic in outline, 2–2.5 × 1.8–2 mm, margin rounded. |
2n | = 16. |
= 20 (Mexico), 44 (Mexico). |
Cuphea carthagenensis |
Cuphea wrightii |
|
Phenology | Flowering late spring–fall. | Flowering mid–late summer. |
Habitat | Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, ditches, margins of moist woods, roadsides, moist open, disturbed areas. | Local in moist, open habitats, pastures, roadsides, rocky washes. |
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | 1000–1800[–2900] m. (3300–5900[–9500] ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; ditches; disturbed areas; moist open; roadsides; margins of moist woods; Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, Philippines), Australia]
|
AZ; Mexico; Central America
|
Discussion | The weedy, self-fertilizing Cuphea carthagenensis is the most widely distributed species of the genus and one of the more common in South America. It was first collected in the United States in Florida and North Carolina in the 1920s. Fossilized pollen very similar to pollen of C. carthagenensis and close relatives is known from the late Miocene of Alabama (S. A. Graham 2013). The species flowers year-round in subtropical and tropical regions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cuphea wrightii reaches its northernmost distribution in the southeastern corner of Arizona. Plants from Arizona with filiform petals (var. nematopetala) have been reported growing mixed with plants having normal obovate petals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Lythraceae > Cuphea | Lythraceae > Cuphea |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lythrum carthagenense, Balsamona pinto, C. balsamona, Parsonsia pinto | C. wrightii var. nematopetala, Parsonsia wrightii |
Name authority | (Jacquin) J. F. Macbride: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 124. (1930) | A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 56. (1853) |
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