Cuphea carthagenensis |
Cuphea strigulosa |
|
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Colombian waxweed |
stiffhair waxweed |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, [subshrubs], 1–6 dm, with fibrous roots. | Herbs perennial, sometimes subshrubs, 2.5–10 dm, with fibrous roots. |
Stems | erect to decumbent and spreading, usually much-branched, hispid and setose, sometimes also puberulent. |
erect to semi-decumbent, sparsely branched, puberulent and often sparsely red-purple glandular-setose. |
Leaves | opposite, subsessile or sessile; petiole 0–2 mm; blade broadly elliptic to lanceolate, 12–55 × 5–25 mm, base attenuate. |
opposite, sessile to subsessile; petiole 0–2 mm; blade elliptic, 15–45 × 7–25 mm, base attenuate. |
Racemes | leafy. |
leafy. |
Pedicels | 1–2 mm. |
1–2 mm. |
Flowers | alternate, 1 interpetiolar, with 1–3 flowers on axillary branchlets; floral tube purple adaxially and distally, or green throughout, 4–6 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous except veins sparsely and coarsely setose; base rounded or a descending spur, 0.5 mm; inner surface glabrous; epicalyx segments thick, often terminated by a bristle; sepals equal; petals 6, deep purple or rose purple, subspatulate, subequal, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm; stamens 11, extending 2/3 distance to sinus of sepals. |
alternate, solitary, interpetiolar; floral tube green abaxially, purple or green adaxially, 6.5–7.5 × 1 mm, puberulent and sparsely glandular-setose; base a descending spur, 0.5 mm; inner surface glabrous proximally, glabrous or finely puberulent distal to stamens; epicalyx segments thick, often terminated by a bristle; sepals equal; petals 6, pale rose or pink, oblong, subequal, 2.5–5 × 1.5–2 mm; stamens 11, scarcely reaching sinus of sepals. |
Seeds | (4–)6(–9), elliptic to suborbiculate in outline, 1.5–1.7 × 0.2–1.5 mm, margin narrow, flattened, thin. |
6–13, suborbiculate to oblong in outline, 1.5–1.8 × 1.3–1.5 mm, margin narrow, flattened, thin. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16 (Brazil). |
Cuphea carthagenensis |
Cuphea strigulosa |
|
Phenology | Flowering late spring–fall. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, ditches, margins of moist woods, roadsides, moist open, disturbed areas. | Moist pastures, disturbed open, wet areas, roadsides, river margins. |
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; ditches; disturbed areas; moist open; roadsides; margins of moist woods; Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, Philippines), Australia]
|
South America [Introduced, Fla.; introduced also in West Indies] |
Discussion | The weedy, self-fertilizing Cuphea carthagenensis is the most widely distributed species of the genus and one of the more common in South America. It was first collected in the United States in Florida and North Carolina in the 1920s. Fossilized pollen very similar to pollen of C. carthagenensis and close relatives is known from the late Miocene of Alabama (S. A. Graham 2013). The species flowers year-round in subtropical and tropical regions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cuphea strigulosa is widespread in Andean South America and in Brazil. It was first noted in Puerto Rico in 1964 and first collected in the Florida Everglades in 1995. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Lythraceae > Cuphea | Lythraceae > Cuphea |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lythrum carthagenense, Balsamona pinto, C. balsamona, Parsonsia pinto | C. strigulosa subsp. opaca |
Name authority | (Jacquin) J. F. Macbride: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 124. (1930) | Kunth in A. von Humboldt et al.: Nov. Gen. Sp. 6(fol.): 161; 6(qto.): 204. (1824) |
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