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Colombian waxweed

tropical waxweed

Habit Herbs annual, [subshrubs], 1–6 dm, with fibrous roots. Herbs perennial, 2.5–5 dm, with woody xylopodium.
Stems

erect to decumbent and spreading, usually much-branched, hispid and setose, sometimes also puberulent.

erect, usually unbranched, sometimes with 1 or 2 long branches from near base, minutely white-strigose and purple glandular-setose, especially viscid on youngest internodes.

Leaves

opposite, subsessile or sessile;

petiole 0–2 mm;

blade broadly elliptic to lanceolate, 12–55 × 5–25 mm, base attenuate.

3- or 4-whorled at mid stem, sessile;

blade lanceolate, or linear distally, 10–25 × 1.5–5 mm, base rounded.

Racemes

leafy.

bracteate, ± terminal.

Pedicels

1–2 mm.

4–25 mm.

Flowers

alternate, 1 interpetiolar, with 1–3 flowers on axillary branchlets;

floral tube purple adaxially and distally, or green throughout, 4–6 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous except veins sparsely and coarsely setose;

base rounded or a descending spur, 0.5 mm;

inner surface glabrous;

epicalyx segments thick, often terminated by a bristle;

sepals equal;

petals 6, deep purple or rose purple, subspatulate, subequal, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm;

stamens 11, extending 2/3 distance to sinus of sepals.

opposite or 3- or 4-whorled;

floral tube often fading abaxially, red-purple to rose adaxially, 7–9 × 1–2 mm, white-strigose, veins purple glandular-setose;

base rounded or a descending spur, 1 mm;

inner surface glabrous proximally, villous distal to stamens;

epicalyx segments thick, often terminated by a bristle;

sepals equal;

petals 6, pale purple or pink, cuneate-oblong, subequal, 3–4.5 × 0.6–1 mm;

stamens 11, reaching or surpassing sinus of sepals.

Seeds

(4–)6(–9), elliptic to suborbiculate in outline, 1.5–1.7 × 0.2–1.5 mm, margin narrow, flattened, thin.

3, orbiculate in outline, 2.5 × 2.5 mm, margin rounded.

2n

= 16.

= 48.

Cuphea carthagenensis

Cuphea aspera

Phenology Flowering late spring–fall. Flowering early–late summer.
Habitat Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, ditches, margins of moist woods, roadsides, moist open, disturbed areas. Pine flatwoods, sandy soil.
Elevation 0–200 m. [0–700 ft.] 0–200 m. [0–700 ft.]
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; ditches; disturbed areas; moist open; roadsides; margins of moist woods; Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, Philippines), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The weedy, self-fertilizing Cuphea carthagenensis is the most widely distributed species of the genus and one of the more common in South America. It was first collected in the United States in Florida and North Carolina in the 1920s. Fossilized pollen very similar to pollen of C. carthagenensis and close relatives is known from the late Miocene of Alabama (S. A. Graham 2013). The species flowers year-round in subtropical and tropical regions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cuphea aspera is known from Calhoun, Franklin, and Gulf counties. Its morphological relationships are with species of eastern Brazil. An ancestral form may have been carried northward from Brazil along the storm tracks that are noted for passage across the Apalachicola area where this species persists. It is listed in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

Parsonsia lythroides Small is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. Treatment author: Shirley A. Graham. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Lythraceae > Cuphea Lythraceae > Cuphea
Sibling taxa
C. aspera, C. glutinosa, C. strigulosa, C. viscosissima, C. wrightii
C. carthagenensis, C. glutinosa, C. strigulosa, C. viscosissima, C. wrightii
Synonyms Lythrum carthagenense, Balsamona pinto, C. balsamona, Parsonsia pinto
Name authority (Jacquin) J. F. Macbride: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 124. (1930) Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 135. (1860)
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