Cryptogramma cascadensis |
Pteridaceae |
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Cascade parsely fern, Cascade parsley fern, Cascade rockbrake |
brake family, maidenhair fern family |
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Habit | Plants perennial [annual], on rock or terrestrial, of small (rarely large) stature. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | decumbent to erect, much branched from base, stout, 4–8 mm diam. (including hardened, persistent leaf bases); scales often bicolored, dense, broadly lanceolate to linear, to 6 × 2 mm. |
compact to creeping, branched or unbranched, dictyostelic, bearing hairs and/or scales. |
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Leaves | strongly tufted, deciduous; sterile leaves spreading, 3–20 cm; fertile leaves erect, 5–25 cm; petioles, costae, and costules glabrous. |
monomorphic to dimorphic, circinate or noncircinate in bud. |
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Petiole(s) | green to straw-colored, dark brown only on proximal 1/8 or less, ca. 1 mm wide when dry, collapsing and strongly furrowed; scales bicolored or ± concolored, becoming sparse distally. |
usually with persistent scales proximally, lacking spines; vascular bundles 1–several, roundish or crescent-shaped in cross section. |
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Blade(s) | deltate to ovate-lanceolate, all 2–3-pinnate, herbaceous, thin and translucent when dried, hydathodes superficial. |
1–6-pinnate, without laminar buds. |
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Segments | of sterile leaves oblong to fan-shaped, bases cuneate, distal 1/2–1/3 of each segment regularly dentate and often more deeply incised every 2d and 4th tooth; segments of fertile leaves ascending to erect, strongly differentiated from those of sterile leaves, linear, 3–12 × 1–2 mm; fertile segments revolute, covering sporangia. |
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Veins | pinnate or parallel in ultimate segments of blades, simple or forked, free or infrequently anastomosing in complex patterns. |
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Indusia | (when present) formed by reflexed, recurved, or revolute leaf margin (false indusium). |
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Sori | borne abaxially on veins, often confluent with age and forming a continuous submarginal band, or sporangia densely covering abaxial surface (acrostichoid); receptacle not or only slightly elevated. |
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Sporangia | in sori that coalesce at maturity. |
stalk of 2–3 rows of cells; annulus vertical, interrupted by stalk; spores 64 or 32 (rarely 16) per sporangium. |
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Spores | all 1 kind, brown, black, or gray (rarely yellow), globose to globose-tetrahedral or trigonal, occasionally with prominent equatorial ridge, trilete, or trigonal, variously ornamented (usually cristate or rugose). |
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Gametophytes | green, aboveground, obcordate to reniform, sometimes asymmetric, usually glabrous (glandular-farinose in Notholaena); archegonia and antheridia borne on abaxial surface, antheridia 3-celled. |
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Indument | on petioles, rachises, costae, and blades, rarely absent or commonly of hairs, glands, and/or scales, occasionally of white or yellow farina. |
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2n | = 60. |
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Cryptogramma cascadensis |
Pteridaceae |
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Habitat | New growth produced in spring, spores maturing in late summer and autumn, leaves dying in autumn. Talus slopes and cliff crevices, often on igneous rocks, typically in relatively mesic subalpine habitats | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 900–3500 m (3000–11500 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; BC
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Worldwide |
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Discussion | Populations of Cryptogramma cascadensis were previously identified as C. acrostichoides. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Considerable disagreement exists concerning the circumscription and proper name of this family. The taxa comprising the Pteridaceae in this treatment were assigned to the Sinopteridaceae and Pteridaceae by D. B. Lellinger (1985) and were included in five families by R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli (1977). The broad concept followed here is similar (except for the exclusion of Ceratopteris) to that espoused by R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon (1982), who applied the name Pteridaceae to the group. Until very recently, the newer name Adiantaceae was more commonly used. As represented in North America, Pteridaceae comprise three major evolutionary lines (the adiantoids, the pteroids, and the cheilanthoids). Characteristics holding the family together include abaxial (usually submarginal) sori that lack indusia or are protected by a reflexed or revolute leaf margin, spores that are usually globose-tetrahedral and trilete, and chromosome base numbers of 30 or 29 (rarely 27). The xeric-adapted members of the family (particularly the cheilanthoids) have undergone extensive parallel and convergent evolution, and they have frustrated attempts to produce a natural generic classification based on macromorphologic characteristics alone. Although some workers have aggregated species into a few large genera (e.g., J. T. Mickel 1979b), most tend to recognize smaller segregate genera based on a combination of morphologic, chromosomal, and biochemical data. The latter approach seems to provide a more useful, evolutionarily informative classification and is the one adopted here. Aspidotis and Notholaena are maintained here as distinct from Cheilanthes, and three recently described genera (Argyrochosma, Astrolepis, and Pentagramma) have been incorporated into the treatment. The reasons for these changes in generic circumscription are discussed under the individual genera. Genera ca. 40, species ca. 1000 (13 genera, 90 species in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2, p. 122. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Pteridaceae > Cryptogramma | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | E. R. Alverson: Amer. Fern J. 79: 95. (1989) | E. D. M. Kirchner | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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