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scented croton

low croton, pepperbush, salvia

Habit Shrubs, 2–5 dm, monoecious. Shrubs, 3–8 dm, monoecious.
Stems

dichotomously much branched proximally, coarsely stellate-tomentose.

much branched, stellate-hairy, viscid.

Leaves

often clustered near inflorescences;

stipules each 5–10 glandular papillae, 0.2–0.5 mm;

petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, 1/4 leaf blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade obovate or ovate to broadly elliptic, 2–5.4 × 1–3.6 cm, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial surface pale green to cream, adaxial surface darker green, both densely stellate-hairy.

not clustered;

stipules 2–5 stipitate glands, to 0.5 mm;

petiole 0.7–3(–5) cm, 3/8–5/8 leaf blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate to oblong, 1.5–8 × 1–2(–5) cm, base rounded to subcordate, margins entire to minutely glandular-denticulate, apex abruptly acute to acuminate, both surfaces pale green, abaxial densely stellate-hairy, adaxial tomentose, glabrescent.

Inflorescences

bisexual or staminate, racemes, 1–3 cm, staminate flowers 6–10, pistillate flowers 1–3.

bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 3–7 cm, staminate flowers 20–35, pistillate flowers 2–6.

Pedicels

staminate 3–5 mm, pistillate 1–2 mm.

staminate 3–4 mm, pistillate 1–2(–3) mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, spatulate or obovate, 0.4–0.6 mm, abaxial surface densely villous at base and along margins, otherwise glabrous;

stamens 12–16.

sepals 5, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, spatulate, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins ciliate basally;

stamens 15–35.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 2.5 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals glandular papillae;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 4–6 mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 6.

sepals 5, equal, 4 mm, margins entire, sessile- or shortly stipitate-glandular, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0 or 5, white, subulate, 1 mm;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 3–5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments 12.

Capsules

7–10 × 6–8 mm, smooth;

columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes.

4–5 × 4 mm, smooth;

columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes.

Seeds

5.5–7 × 4–5 mm, shiny.

3–4 × 2.5–3 mm, shiny.

2n

= 20.

Croton suaveolens

Croton humilis

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Rocky slopes, foothills. Hammocks, thickets, disturbed areas.
Elevation 1500–2000 m. (4900–6600 ft.) 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Nuevo León)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; TX; e Mexico; se Mexico; West Indies
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton suaveolens is found in the flora area only in trans-Pecos Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Croton humilis is a mainly West Indian species extending from southernmost Florida (Collier and Monroe counties) to the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico, and up the Caribbean coast of Mexico to southernmost Texas (Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Willacy, and Zapata counties). Texas plants have more stamens (30–35) than Florida plants (15–20).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 224. FNA vol. 12, p. 217.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Synonyms C. berlandieri
Name authority Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 194. (1859) Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1276. (1759) — (as humile)
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