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leatherweed, leatherweed croton

doveweed, goatweed, skunkweed, Texas croton

Habit Herbs, perennial, 1–6 dm, monoecious or dioecious. Herbs, annual, 2–7(–9) dm, dioecious.
Stems

several from base, sparsely branched distally, stellate-hairy.

loosely branched distally, stellate-hairy.

Leaves

sometimes clustered near inflorescences;

stipules rudimentary;

petiole 0.5–2 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate-oblong, proximal rounder, distal more ovate-elliptic, 1–6 × 1–3 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, both surfaces pale to ashy green, softly stellate-hairy.

not clustered;

stipules absent;

petiole 0.3–2 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade narrowly ovate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, 1–5 × 0.5–2 cm, base truncate to rounded or subcordate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, abaxial surface pale green, densely whitish appressed stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, less hairy.

Inflorescences

bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 0.5–2.5 cm, staminate and pistillate flowers each (12–)20–25.

unisexual; staminate racemes or irregularly branched panicles, 2–8 cm, flowers 10–30; pistillate racemes, 1–2 cm, flowers 1–6.

Pedicels

staminate 1.5–6 mm, pistillate 1–3.5 mm, ± recurved in fruit.

staminate 2–3 mm, pistillate 1–3 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals (4–)5, 1–1.5 mm, abaxial surface densely stellate-hairy;

petals (4–)5, oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.3 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous;

stamens 10–15.

sepals 5, 1–2 mm, abaxial surface densely whitish appressed stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

stamens 8–12.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 1.5–3 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface glabrous except stellate-hairy at apex;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 0.5–4.5 mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 6.

sepals 5, equal, 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface densely stipitate-stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 1–2 mm, multifid, terminal segments 12–32+.

Capsules

4–6(–7) × 4–5 mm, smooth;

columella apex with 3 sharp projections.

5–8 × 4–5.5 mm, verrucose;

columella 3-winged.

Seeds

3.5–4 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny.

3.5–4 × 2.5–3 mm, shiny.

2n

= 20.

= 28.

Croton pottsii

Croton texensis

Phenology Flowering Jun–Nov.
Habitat Prairies, sandy creek beds, old fields, canyons, disturbed areas.
Elevation 50–2000 m. (200–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico; c Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AZ; CO; DE; FL; IA; IL; KS; MD; MO; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; UT; WI; WV; WY; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

The affinities of Croton pottsii lie with C. lindheimerianus and C. monanthogynus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Croton texensis, despite being annual, grows larger than the related perennial C. dioicus. Croton texensis has verrucose fruits similar to those of the closely related C. parksii.

There is a single specimen of Croton texensis from Massachusetts, collected at a dump in Boston in 1890, but the species did not become established there.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems straight; erect radii of stellate hairs shorter than lateral radii, thus pubescence appearing appressed and smooth; leaf blades 1.6–6 cm; racemes mostly 1.1–2.5 cm; styles 1.1–4.5 mm; capsules 4–6(–7) mm.
var. pottsii
1. Stems somewhat zigzag; erect radii of stellate hairs longer than lateral radii, thus pubescence appearing ± shaggy; leaf blades usually 1–1.4 cm; racemes mostly 0.5–0.9 cm; styles usually 0.5–1 mm; capsules 4 mm.
var. thermophilus
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 221. FNA vol. 12, p. 224.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. wigginsii
Subordinate taxa
C. pottsii var. pottsii, C. pottsii var. thermophilus
Synonyms Lasiogyne pottsii Hendecandra texensis, C. luteovirens, C. texensis var. utahensis, C. virens
Name authority (Klotzsch) Müller Arg.: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 561. (1866) (Klotzsch) Müller Arg.: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 692. (1866)
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