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one-seed croton, prairie tea

Soliman's croton

Habit Herbs, annual, 2–5 dm, monoecious. Shrubs, 5–8 dm, monoecious.
Stems

dichotomously branched from near base, stellate-hairy, some stellate hairs with dark brown centers.

sparsely branched distally, sparsely stellate-hairy.

Leaves

sometimes clustered near inflorescences;

stipules glandlike, 0.1–0.3 mm;

petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate-oblong to nearly round (proximal) to narrowly elliptic (distal), 1–3.5 × 0.5–3 cm, base obtuse to rounded or truncate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, abaxial surface pale green, sparsely whitish stellate-hairy and appearing brown-dotted, some hairs with dark brown centers, adaxial surface darker green, densely stellate-hairy, hairs without brown centers.

not clustered;

stipules linear, (0–)1–2 mm, sometimes short stipitate-glandular;

petiole 1–2 cm, 2/5–1/2 leaf blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate, 2–5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, base rounded-cuneate, margins entire, with scattered glandular-capitate processes 1 mm, usually denser at base, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface green, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy, usually along margin, adaxial surface slightly darker green, glabrous.

Inflorescences

bisexual or sometimes pistillate, congested racemes, 0.3–1 cm, staminate flowers 3–10, pistillate flowers 1–2(–5).

bisexual, racemes, 2–4 cm, staminate flowers 10–30, pistillate flowers 3–6.

Pedicels

staminate 0.5–2 mm, pistillate 1–2.5 mm (2–3 mm and recurved in fruit).

staminate 1–5 mm, pistillate 2–5 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 3–5, 0.7–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 3–5, narrowly elliptic-oblanceolate, 0.7–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous;

stamens 3–5.

sepals 5, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface sparsely stellate-hairy;

petals 5, spatulate, 1–1.3 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins ciliate basally;

stamens 15–20.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, subequal, 1.5–2 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy, some hairs with dark brown centers;

petals 0;

ovary 2-locular, 1 fertile;

styles 2, 0.8–1.2(–1.5) mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 4.

sepals 5, unequal, 5–6 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface glabrous or with a few stellate hairs;

petals 0 or 5, white, linear, 2.5–3.5 mm;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 3–4 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments 12.

Capsules

appearing follicular (1-seeded), 3.5–4.5 × 1.8–2.2 mm, smooth;

columella ± curved, apparently deciduous upon dehiscence of capsule.

6 × 5–6 mm, smooth;

columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes.

Seeds

2.5–3.3 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny.

4–5 × 3–4 mm, shiny.

2n

= 20.

Croton monanthogynus

Croton soliman

Phenology Flowering May–Nov. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Prairies, sandstone and limestone glades, thinly wooded bluffs, fallow fields, other disturbed habitats. Thickets, low ridges.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NM; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; e Mexico; s Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton monanthogynus may be adventive in the northernmost states.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Croton soliman is most similar to C. humilis. In the flora area, C. soliman is found only in Cameron County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 220. FNA vol. 12, p. 223.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Synonyms Engelmannia nuttalliana, Gynamblosis monanthogyna, Heptallon ellipticum, Oxydectes monanthogyna
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 215. (1803) — (as monanthogynum) Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 6: 361. (1831)
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