Croton humilis |
Croton wigginsii |
|
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low croton, pepperbush, salvia |
Wiggins' croton |
|
Habit | Shrubs, 3–8 dm, monoecious. | Shrubs, 2–10 dm, dioecious. |
Stems | much branched, stellate-hairy, viscid. |
densely branched, appressed-lepidote. |
Leaves | not clustered; stipules 2–5 stipitate glands, to 0.5 mm; petiole 0.7–3(–5) cm, 3/8–5/8 leaf blade length, glands absent at apex; blade ovate to oblong, 1.5–8 × 1–2(–5) cm, base rounded to subcordate, margins entire to minutely glandular-denticulate, apex abruptly acute to acuminate, both surfaces pale green, abaxial densely stellate-hairy, adaxial tomentose, glabrescent. |
not clustered; stipules absent; petiole 1–4 cm, usually less than 1/2 blade length, glands absent at apex; blade narrowly elliptic to linear-oblong, 2–8.5 × 0.6–1.5 cm, more than 2 times as long as wide, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, abaxial surface pale green, adaxial surface darker green, both densely pale stellate-lepidote. |
Inflorescences | bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 3–7 cm, staminate flowers 20–35, pistillate flowers 2–6. |
unisexual, racemes or thyrses; staminate 1–3.5(–10) cm, flowers 3–8(–15); pistillate 0.5–1 cm, flowers 1–6. |
Pedicels | staminate 3–4 mm, pistillate 1–2(–3) mm. |
staminate 1–7 mm, pistillate 1–2 mm (4–7 mm in fruit). |
Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 5, spatulate, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins ciliate basally; stamens 15–35. |
sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 0; stamens 10–15. |
Pistillate flowers | sepals 5, equal, 4 mm, margins entire, sessile- or shortly stipitate-glandular, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 0 or 5, white, subulate, 1 mm; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 3–5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments 12. |
sepals 5, equal, 2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 1.5–2.5 mm, 2–3 times 2-fid, terminal segments 12–24. |
Capsules | 4–5 × 4 mm, smooth; columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes. |
7–10 × 6–8 mm, smooth; columella 3-winged. |
Seeds | 3–4 × 2.5–3 mm, shiny. |
6.5–7 × 2–3 mm, dull. |
2n | = 20. |
= 28. |
Croton humilis |
Croton wigginsii |
|
Phenology | Flowering year-round. | Flowering Feb–May. |
Habitat | Hammocks, thickets, disturbed areas. | Sand dunes. |
Elevation | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) | 10–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; TX; e Mexico; se Mexico; West Indies |
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
|
Discussion | Croton humilis is a mainly West Indian species extending from southernmost Florida (Collier and Monroe counties) to the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico, and up the Caribbean coast of Mexico to southernmost Texas (Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Willacy, and Zapata counties). Texas plants have more stamens (30–35) than Florida plants (15–20). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Croton wigginsii is closely related to C. californicus but more robust in its habit and floral features, and is restricted to sand dunes in a limited area of the Sonoran Desert. In the flora area, C. wigginsii is known only from Yuma County, Arizona, and Imperial County, California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 217. | FNA vol. 12, p. 224. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. berlandieri | C. arenicola |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1276. (1759) — (as humile) | L. C. Wheeler: Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 37. (1939) |
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