Croton humilis |
Croton michauxii |
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low croton, pepperbush, salvia |
Michaux's croton, narrowleaf rushfoil, rushfoil |
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Habit | Shrubs, 3–8 dm, monoecious. | Herbs, annual, 1–9 dm, monoecious. | ||||
Stems | much branched, stellate-hairy, viscid. |
usually single from base, much branched from near middle, densely stellate-lepidote appearing silvery. |
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Leaves | not clustered; stipules 2–5 stipitate glands, to 0.5 mm; petiole 0.7–3(–5) cm, 3/8–5/8 leaf blade length, glands absent at apex; blade ovate to oblong, 1.5–8 × 1–2(–5) cm, base rounded to subcordate, margins entire to minutely glandular-denticulate, apex abruptly acute to acuminate, both surfaces pale green, abaxial densely stellate-hairy, adaxial tomentose, glabrescent. |
not clustered; stipules rudimentary; petiole 0.1–0.5 cm, glands absent at apex; blade lanceolate-linear to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–4 × 0.1–0.4(–1.5) cm, base acute to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, abaxial surface silvery, stellate-lepidote, adaxial surface green, sparsely stellate-hairy, hairs with few radii. |
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Inflorescences | bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 3–7 cm, staminate flowers 20–35, pistillate flowers 2–6. |
bisexual, spikes, 0.3–3 cm, staminate flowers 1–12, pistillate flowers 1–6. |
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Pedicels | staminate 3–4 mm, pistillate 1–2(–3) mm. |
pistillate absent, staminate 0–1 mm. |
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Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 5, spatulate, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins ciliate basally; stamens 15–35. |
sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface lepidote; petals 5, spatulate, 0.6–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous; stamens 5–7. |
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Pistillate flowers | sepals 5, equal, 4 mm, margins entire, sessile- or shortly stipitate-glandular, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 0 or 5, white, subulate, 1 mm; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 3–5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments 12. |
sepals (4–)5, equal, 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex straight, abaxial surface lepidote; petals 0; ovary 1-locular; styles 3, 0.5–0.8 mm, minutely 2-fid, terminal segments 3 or 6. |
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Capsules | 4–5 × 4 mm, smooth; columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes. |
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Achenes | 2.5–3 × 1–1.2 mm, smooth; columella absent. |
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Seeds | 3–4 × 2.5–3 mm, shiny. |
2–2.5 × 1 mm, surface not visible because seed coat adherent to fruit wall. |
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2n | = 20. |
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Croton humilis |
Croton michauxii |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round. | |||||
Habitat | Hammocks, thickets, disturbed areas. | |||||
Elevation | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
FL; TX; e Mexico; se Mexico; West Indies |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Croton humilis is a mainly West Indian species extending from southernmost Florida (Collier and Monroe counties) to the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico, and up the Caribbean coast of Mexico to southernmost Texas (Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Willacy, and Zapata counties). Texas plants have more stamens (30–35) than Florida plants (15–20). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 217. | FNA vol. 12, p. 220. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | C. berlandieri | Crotonopsis linearis | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1276. (1759) — (as humile) | G. L. Webster: Novon 2: 270. (1992) | ||||
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