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low croton, pepperbush, salvia

Michaux's croton, narrowleaf rushfoil, rushfoil

Habit Shrubs, 3–8 dm, monoecious. Herbs, annual, 1–9 dm, monoecious.
Stems

much branched, stellate-hairy, viscid.

usually single from base, much branched from near middle, densely stellate-lepidote appearing silvery.

Leaves

not clustered;

stipules 2–5 stipitate glands, to 0.5 mm;

petiole 0.7–3(–5) cm, 3/8–5/8 leaf blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate to oblong, 1.5–8 × 1–2(–5) cm, base rounded to subcordate, margins entire to minutely glandular-denticulate, apex abruptly acute to acuminate, both surfaces pale green, abaxial densely stellate-hairy, adaxial tomentose, glabrescent.

not clustered;

stipules rudimentary;

petiole 0.1–0.5 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade lanceolate-linear to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–4 × 0.1–0.4(–1.5) cm, base acute to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, abaxial surface silvery, stellate-lepidote, adaxial surface green, sparsely stellate-hairy, hairs with few radii.

Inflorescences

bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 3–7 cm, staminate flowers 20–35, pistillate flowers 2–6.

bisexual, spikes, 0.3–3 cm, staminate flowers 1–12, pistillate flowers 1–6.

Pedicels

staminate 3–4 mm, pistillate 1–2(–3) mm.

pistillate absent, staminate 0–1 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, spatulate, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins ciliate basally;

stamens 15–35.

sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 5, spatulate, 0.6–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous;

stamens 5–7.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 4 mm, margins entire, sessile- or shortly stipitate-glandular, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0 or 5, white, subulate, 1 mm;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 3–5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments 12.

sepals (4–)5, equal, 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex straight, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 0;

ovary 1-locular;

styles 3, 0.5–0.8 mm, minutely 2-fid, terminal segments 3 or 6.

Capsules

4–5 × 4 mm, smooth;

columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes.

Achenes

2.5–3 × 1–1.2 mm, smooth;

columella absent.

Seeds

3–4 × 2.5–3 mm, shiny.

2–2.5 × 1 mm, surface not visible because seed coat adherent to fruit wall.

2n

= 20.

Croton humilis

Croton michauxii

Phenology Flowering year-round.
Habitat Hammocks, thickets, disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; TX; e Mexico; se Mexico; West Indies
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton humilis is a mainly West Indian species extending from southernmost Florida (Collier and Monroe counties) to the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico, and up the Caribbean coast of Mexico to southernmost Texas (Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Willacy, and Zapata counties). Texas plants have more stamens (30–35) than Florida plants (15–20).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences 1–3 cm; achenes usually 3–6, densely stellate-lepidote, hairs ± spreading, radii separate most of length, umbos usually sharp, sometimes rounded; leaf blade adaxial surface hairs not overlapping.
var. michauxii
1. Inflorescences usually less than 1 cm; achenes 1–2, sparsely stellate-lepidote, hairs appressed, radii joined most or all of length, umbos usually blunt, rarely sharp; leaf blade adaxial surface hairs overlapping near midvein.
var. elliptica
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 217. FNA vol. 12, p. 220.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Subordinate taxa
C. michauxii var. elliptica, C. michauxii var. michauxii
Synonyms C. berlandieri Crotonopsis linearis
Name authority Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1276. (1759) — (as humile) G. L. Webster: Novon 2: 270. (1992)
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