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low croton, pepperbush, salvia

Elliott's croton, pondshore croton

Habit Shrubs, 3–8 dm, monoecious. Herbs, annual, 3–8 dm, monoecious.
Stems

much branched, stellate-hairy, viscid.

usually single from base, then well branched from first reproductive node, appressed stellate-hairy.

Leaves

not clustered;

stipules 2–5 stipitate glands, to 0.5 mm;

petiole 0.7–3(–5) cm, 3/8–5/8 leaf blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate to oblong, 1.5–8 × 1–2(–5) cm, base rounded to subcordate, margins entire to minutely glandular-denticulate, apex abruptly acute to acuminate, both surfaces pale green, abaxial densely stellate-hairy, adaxial tomentose, glabrescent.

sometimes clustered near inflorescences;

stipules absent;

petiole 0.5–2 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade lanceolate to oblong, 2–5.5 × 0.2–0.8 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex subacute, abaxial surface pale green, not appearing brown-dotted, no stellate hairs with brown centers, densely long stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, less densely short stellate-hairy.

Inflorescences

bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 3–7 cm, staminate flowers 20–35, pistillate flowers 2–6.

bisexual, congested racemes, 0.8–1.5 cm, staminate flowers 5–15, pistillate flowers 3–6.

Pedicels

staminate 3–4 mm, pistillate 1–2(–3) mm.

staminate 0.4–0.9 mm, pistillate 0–0.8 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, spatulate, 3–4 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins ciliate basally;

stamens 15–35.

sepals 5, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, linear-oblong to lanceolate, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous;

stamens 7–10.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 4 mm, margins entire, sessile- or shortly stipitate-glandular, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0 or 5, white, subulate, 1 mm;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 3–5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments 12.

sepals 6–7, equal, 5–6 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–3 mm, 2 times 2-fid, terminal segments 12.

Capsules

4–5 × 4 mm, smooth;

columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes.

4–5 mm diam., smooth;

columella slightly 3-winged distally.

Seeds

3–4 × 2.5–3 mm, shiny.

4–4.5 × 3–4 mm, shiny.

2n

= 20.

Croton humilis

Croton elliottii

Phenology Flowering year-round. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Hammocks, thickets, disturbed areas. Depression ponds, depression meadows, clay-based Carolina bays, usually on exposed pond edges or bottoms.
Elevation 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; TX; e Mexico; se Mexico; West Indies
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton humilis is a mainly West Indian species extending from southernmost Florida (Collier and Monroe counties) to the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico, and up the Caribbean coast of Mexico to southernmost Texas (Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Willacy, and Zapata counties). Texas plants have more stamens (30–35) than Florida plants (15–20).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Croton elliottii is most closely related to C. capitatus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 217. FNA vol. 12, p. 214.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Synonyms C. berlandieri
Name authority Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1276. (1759) — (as humile) Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 407. (1860)
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