The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

bush croton, encinilla, hierba loca, shrubby croton

three-seed croton

Habit Shrubs, 2–10 dm, monoecious. Herbs, annual, 1–5 dm, monoecious.
Stems

much branched distally, stellate-hairy.

dichotomously branched, densely stellate-tomentose.

Leaves

not clustered;

stipules rudimentary or absent;

petiole 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, 1/8–1/5 blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–8 × 2–4 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins serrulate, often slightly undulate, apex attenuate, acute, abaxial surface pale green, stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, puberulent.

sometimes clustered near inflorescences;

stipules rudimentary;

petiole 0.5–3 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade lanceolate to suborbiculate, 1–5(–8) × 0.8–2.8(–3.5) cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, abaxial surface pale green, stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, sparsely stellate-hairy.

Inflorescences

bisexual, racemes, 3–12 cm, staminate flowers 10–20, pistillate flowers 2–5.

bisexual, racemes, 1–3 cm, not appearing brown-dotted, no stellate hairs with brown centers, staminate flowers 3–8, pistillate flowers 1–3.

Pedicels

staminate 2.5–4 mm, pistillate 0–0.5 mm.

staminate 2–3 mm, pistillate 1–5(–15) mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 0.8–1.2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-tomentose;

petals 5, oblanceolate to spatulate, 2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins densely fimbrillate-villous;

stamens 9–16.

sepals (4–)5, 1.5–2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, linear-oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous;

stamens 7–9(–12).

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 2.2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 3–4.5 mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 6.

sepals 5–6, equal, 3 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–3 mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 6.

Capsules

5–6 mm diam., smooth;

columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes.

4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, smooth;

columella apex with 3 sharp projections.

Seeds

4–5 × 3.2–3.8 mm, shiny.

3.2–3.6 × 1.5 mm, shiny.

Croton fruticulosus

Croton lindheimerianus

Phenology Flowering May–Dec.
Habitat Limestone or basalt hills.
Elevation 100–1700 m. (300–5600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; AZ; IL; IN; KS; LA; MO; NC; NM; OK; SC; TX; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton fruticulosus is known in the flora area from southeastern Arizona through southern New Mexico and trans-Pecos Texas to the Edwards Plateau.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Croton lindheimerianus is one of the bifid-styled species in sect. Heptallon.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blades suborbiculate, length mostly less than 2 times width, apex rounded to broadly acute; plants densely velvety appressed-tomentose; pedicels, at least some, recurved in fruit.
var. lindheimerianus
1. Leaf blades lanceolate, length mostly more than 2 times width, apex acute; plants roughly tomentose; pedicels erect in fruit.
var. tharpii
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 214. FNA vol. 12, p. 219.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Subordinate taxa
C. lindheimerianus var. lindheimerianus, C. lindheimerianus var. tharpii
Name authority Engelmann ex Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 194. (1859) — (as fruticulosum) Scheele: Linnaea 25: 580. (1852)
Web links