Croton fruticulosus |
Croton lindheimeri |
|
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bush croton, encinilla, hierba loca, shrubby croton |
goatweed, Lindheimer's hogwort, woolly croton |
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Habit | Shrubs, 2–10 dm, monoecious. | Herbs, annual, 5–20 dm, monoecious, stems, leaves, and buds with yellow-brown (ochraceous) pubescence when young, becoming glabrate. |
Stems | much branched distally, stellate-hairy. |
branching distally, stellate-hairy. |
Leaves | not clustered; stipules rudimentary or absent; petiole 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, 1/8–1/5 blade length, glands absent at apex; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–8 × 2–4 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins serrulate, often slightly undulate, apex attenuate, acute, abaxial surface pale green, stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, puberulent. |
not clustered; stipules linear, 0–5 mm; petiole 1.5–7 cm, glands absent at apex; blade ovate-lanceolate, 3–7 × 1–3 cm, base cordate to rounded or subcordate, margins entire, apex acute, abaxial surface pale green, not appearing brown-dotted, no stellate hairs with brown centers, densely stellate-hairy, adaxial surface greener, more sparsely hairy. |
Inflorescences | bisexual, racemes, 3–12 cm, staminate flowers 10–20, pistillate flowers 2–5. |
bisexual, racemes, 1.5–3 cm, staminate flowers 8–15, pistillate flowers 2–7. |
Pedicels | staminate 2.5–4 mm, pistillate 0–0.5 mm. |
staminate 0.5–3 mm, pistillate 0–1 mm. |
Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 0.8–1.2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-tomentose; petals 5, oblanceolate to spatulate, 2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins densely fimbrillate-villous; stamens 9–16. |
sepals (4–)5, 1.5–2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 5, linear-oblong, 1–1.5 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; stamens 9–13. |
Pistillate flowers | sepals 5, equal, 2.2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 3–4.5 mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 6. |
sepals 7–8, equal, 5–7 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface yellowish woolly-tomentose; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 3–4 mm, 2 times 2-fid, terminal segments 12. |
Capsules | 5–6 mm diam., smooth; columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes. |
6–8 × 8–9 mm, smooth; columella tipped with 3-pronged grappling hooklike appendage. |
Seeds | 4–5 × 3.2–3.8 mm, shiny. |
4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, shiny. |
2n | = 20. |
|
Croton fruticulosus |
Croton lindheimeri |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Dec. | Flowering May–Dec. |
Habitat | Limestone or basalt hills. | Old pastures, forest openings, bottomlands, fence rows, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 100–1700 m. (300–5600 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MO; MS; SC; TN; TX
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Discussion | Croton fruticulosus is known in the flora area from southeastern Arizona through southern New Mexico and trans-Pecos Texas to the Edwards Plateau. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Croton lindheimeri is very similar to C. capitatus, and the two can sometimes be found growing together in northeastern Texas. Croton lindheimeri can be distinguished by its more ochraceous pubescence on young growth, consistently acute leaf tips, somewhat more elongated pistillate part of the raceme, and pistillate sepal tips that do not recurve after anthesis. Croton lindheimeri was reported from Indiana, adventive on ballast in 1898, and from Kansas based on a single 1883 collection from Miami County, but apparently did not become established in either state. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 214. | FNA vol. 12, p. 218. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Pilinophytum lindheimeri, C. capitatus var. lindheimeri | |
Name authority | Engelmann ex Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 194. (1859) — (as fruticulosum) | (Engelmann & A. Gray) Alph. Wood: Class-book Bot. ed. s.n.(b), 631. (1861) |
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