Croton fruticulosus |
Croton alabamensis |
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bush croton, encinilla, hierba loca, shrubby croton |
Alabama croton |
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Habit | Shrubs, 2–10 dm, monoecious. | Shrubs, 5–35 dm, monoecious. | ||||
Stems | much branched distally, stellate-hairy. |
usually well branched distally, lepidote. |
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Leaves | not clustered; stipules rudimentary or absent; petiole 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, 1/8–1/5 blade length, glands absent at apex; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–8 × 2–4 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins serrulate, often slightly undulate, apex attenuate, acute, abaxial surface pale green, stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, puberulent. |
clustered at branch tips; stipules absent; petiole 0.6–2 cm, glands absent at apex; blade elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 3–10 × 1.5–5 cm, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, sometimes ± undulate, apex acute, rounded, or emarginate, abaxial surface silvery or coppery, densely lepidote, adaxial surface green, sparsely lepidote. |
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Inflorescences | bisexual, racemes, 3–12 cm, staminate flowers 10–20, pistillate flowers 2–5. |
bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 2–4.5 cm, staminate flowers 0–15, pistillate flowers 0–10. |
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Pedicels | staminate 2.5–4 mm, pistillate 0–0.5 mm. |
staminate 2.2–4 mm, pistillate 2.2–7.5 mm (7–11 mm in fruit). |
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Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 0.8–1.2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-tomentose; petals 5, oblanceolate to spatulate, 2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins densely fimbrillate-villous; stamens 9–16. |
sepals 5, 1.1–2.9 mm, abaxial surface lepidote; petals 5, oblong-ovate, 2–3.1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins stellate-ciliate; stamens 10–22. |
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Pistillate flowers | sepals 5, equal, 2.2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 3–4.5 mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 6. |
sepals 5, equal, 2–4.5 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface lepidote; petals 5, pale green, ovate, 2–3.5 mm; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 2–5 mm, usually unbranched, rarely 2-fid, terminal segments 3 (or 6). |
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Capsules | 5–6 mm diam., smooth; columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes. |
1.6–2.5 × 2–3 mm, smooth; columella 3-angled. |
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Seeds | 4–5 × 3.2–3.8 mm, shiny. |
6.7–8 × 5.2–6 mm, shiny. |
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Croton fruticulosus |
Croton alabamensis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Dec. | |||||
Habitat | Limestone or basalt hills. | |||||
Elevation | 100–1700 m. (300–5600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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AL; TX
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Discussion | Croton fruticulosus is known in the flora area from southeastern Arizona through southern New Mexico and trans-Pecos Texas to the Edwards Plateau. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). B. W. van Ee et al. (2006) examined populations of Croton alabamensis using DNA sequence and AFLP data, and their results supported the recognition of two varieties and an isolated position in the genus. Buds develop in the summer and fall for the following spring's flowers. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 214. | FNA vol. 12, p. 210. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Engelmann ex Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 194. (1859) — (as fruticulosum) | E. A. Smith ex Chapman: Fl. South. U.S. ed. 2, 648. (1883) | ||||
Web links |