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bush croton, encinilla, hierba loca, shrubby croton

Alabama croton

Habit Shrubs, 2–10 dm, monoecious. Shrubs, 5–35 dm, monoecious.
Stems

much branched distally, stellate-hairy.

usually well branched distally, lepidote.

Leaves

not clustered;

stipules rudimentary or absent;

petiole 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, 1/8–1/5 blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–8 × 2–4 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins serrulate, often slightly undulate, apex attenuate, acute, abaxial surface pale green, stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, puberulent.

clustered at branch tips;

stipules absent;

petiole 0.6–2 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 3–10 × 1.5–5 cm, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, sometimes ± undulate, apex acute, rounded, or emarginate, abaxial surface silvery or coppery, densely lepidote, adaxial surface green, sparsely lepidote.

Inflorescences

bisexual, racemes, 3–12 cm, staminate flowers 10–20, pistillate flowers 2–5.

bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 2–4.5 cm, staminate flowers 0–15, pistillate flowers 0–10.

Pedicels

staminate 2.5–4 mm, pistillate 0–0.5 mm.

staminate 2.2–4 mm, pistillate 2.2–7.5 mm (7–11 mm in fruit).

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 0.8–1.2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-tomentose;

petals 5, oblanceolate to spatulate, 2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins densely fimbrillate-villous;

stamens 9–16.

sepals 5, 1.1–2.9 mm, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 5, oblong-ovate, 2–3.1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins stellate-ciliate;

stamens 10–22.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 2.2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 3–4.5 mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 6.

sepals 5, equal, 2–4.5 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 5, pale green, ovate, 2–3.5 mm;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–5 mm, usually unbranched, rarely 2-fid, terminal segments 3 (or 6).

Capsules

5–6 mm diam., smooth;

columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes.

1.6–2.5 × 2–3 mm, smooth;

columella 3-angled.

Seeds

4–5 × 3.2–3.8 mm, shiny.

6.7–8 × 5.2–6 mm, shiny.

Croton fruticulosus

Croton alabamensis

Phenology Flowering May–Dec.
Habitat Limestone or basalt hills.
Elevation 100–1700 m. (300–5600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton fruticulosus is known in the flora area from southeastern Arizona through southern New Mexico and trans-Pecos Texas to the Edwards Plateau.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

B. W. van Ee et al. (2006) examined populations of Croton alabamensis using DNA sequence and AFLP data, and their results supported the recognition of two varieties and an isolated position in the genus. Buds develop in the summer and fall for the following spring's flowers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blade abaxial surfaces silvery, scales mostly unpigmented or light amber, some dark blackish brown scales sometimes present; inflorescences 9–18-flowered, producing 0–11 fruits; Alabama.
var. alabamensis
1. Leaf blade abaxial surfaces coppery, some scales unpigmented, others with dark reddish brown center and reddish amber rays; inflorescences 6–14-flowered, producing 0–6 fruits; Texas.
var. texensis
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 214. FNA vol. 12, p. 210.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Subordinate taxa
C. alabamensis var. alabamensis, C. alabamensis var. texensis
Name authority Engelmann ex Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 194. (1859) — (as fruticulosum) E. A. Smith ex Chapman: Fl. South. U.S. ed. 2, 648. (1883)
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