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Elliott's croton, pondshore croton

Michaux's croton, narrowleaf rushfoil, rushfoil

Habit Herbs, annual, 3–8 dm, monoecious. Herbs, annual, 1–9 dm, monoecious.
Stems

usually single from base, then well branched from first reproductive node, appressed stellate-hairy.

usually single from base, much branched from near middle, densely stellate-lepidote appearing silvery.

Leaves

sometimes clustered near inflorescences;

stipules absent;

petiole 0.5–2 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade lanceolate to oblong, 2–5.5 × 0.2–0.8 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex subacute, abaxial surface pale green, not appearing brown-dotted, no stellate hairs with brown centers, densely long stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, less densely short stellate-hairy.

not clustered;

stipules rudimentary;

petiole 0.1–0.5 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade lanceolate-linear to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–4 × 0.1–0.4(–1.5) cm, base acute to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, abaxial surface silvery, stellate-lepidote, adaxial surface green, sparsely stellate-hairy, hairs with few radii.

Inflorescences

bisexual, congested racemes, 0.8–1.5 cm, staminate flowers 5–15, pistillate flowers 3–6.

bisexual, spikes, 0.3–3 cm, staminate flowers 1–12, pistillate flowers 1–6.

Pedicels

staminate 0.4–0.9 mm, pistillate 0–0.8 mm.

pistillate absent, staminate 0–1 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, linear-oblong to lanceolate, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous;

stamens 7–10.

sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 5, spatulate, 0.6–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous;

stamens 5–7.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 6–7, equal, 5–6 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–3 mm, 2 times 2-fid, terminal segments 12.

sepals (4–)5, equal, 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex straight, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 0;

ovary 1-locular;

styles 3, 0.5–0.8 mm, minutely 2-fid, terminal segments 3 or 6.

Capsules

4–5 mm diam., smooth;

columella slightly 3-winged distally.

Achenes

2.5–3 × 1–1.2 mm, smooth;

columella absent.

Seeds

4–4.5 × 3–4 mm, shiny.

2–2.5 × 1 mm, surface not visible because seed coat adherent to fruit wall.

Croton elliottii

Croton michauxii

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Depression ponds, depression meadows, clay-based Carolina bays, usually on exposed pond edges or bottoms.
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton elliottii is most closely related to C. capitatus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences 1–3 cm; achenes usually 3–6, densely stellate-lepidote, hairs ± spreading, radii separate most of length, umbos usually sharp, sometimes rounded; leaf blade adaxial surface hairs not overlapping.
var. michauxii
1. Inflorescences usually less than 1 cm; achenes 1–2, sparsely stellate-lepidote, hairs appressed, radii joined most or all of length, umbos usually blunt, rarely sharp; leaf blade adaxial surface hairs overlapping near midvein.
var. elliptica
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 214. FNA vol. 12, p. 220.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Subordinate taxa
C. michauxii var. elliptica, C. michauxii var. michauxii
Synonyms Crotonopsis linearis
Name authority Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 407. (1860) G. L. Webster: Novon 2: 270. (1992)
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