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Elliott's croton, pondshore croton

capitate croton, hogwort, woolly croton

Habit Herbs, annual, 3–8 dm, monoecious. Herbs, annual, 3–8 dm, monoecious.
Stems

usually single from base, then well branched from first reproductive node, appressed stellate-hairy.

well branched distally, stellate-hairy, hairs whitish to pale yellow, glabrescent.

Leaves

sometimes clustered near inflorescences;

stipules absent;

petiole 0.5–2 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade lanceolate to oblong, 2–5.5 × 0.2–0.8 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex subacute, abaxial surface pale green, not appearing brown-dotted, no stellate hairs with brown centers, densely long stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, less densely short stellate-hairy.

not clustered;

stipules filiform, 2–5 mm;

petiole 0.5–6 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate to lanceolate-elliptic, 3–8(–15) × 1–4 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute or rounded, abaxial surface light green, not appearing brown-dotted, no stellate hairs with brown centers, adaxial surface darker green, both appressed stellate-hairy.

Inflorescences

bisexual, congested racemes, 0.8–1.5 cm, staminate flowers 5–15, pistillate flowers 3–6.

bisexual, racemes or capitate, 1.5–3 cm, staminate flowers 5–15, pistillate flowers 3–6.

Pedicels

staminate 0.4–0.9 mm, pistillate 0–0.8 mm.

staminate 0.5–1.5 mm, pistillate 0–1.5 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, linear-oblong to lanceolate, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous;

stamens 7–10.

sepals 5, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 5, linear-oblong-lanceolate, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

stamens 7–12.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 6–7, equal, 5–6 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–3 mm, 2 times 2-fid, terminal segments 12.

sepals 6–9, equal, 7–10 mm to 15 mm in fruit, opening broadly and persistent after capsule dehiscence, margins entire, apex recurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–3 mm, 2–3 times 2-fid, terminal segments 12–18(–24).

Capsules

4–5 mm diam., smooth;

columella slightly 3-winged distally.

7–9 × 5–6 mm, smooth;

columella tipped with 3-pronged grappling hooklike appendage.

Seeds

4–4.5 × 3–4 mm, shiny.

5 × 4.5–5 mm, shiny.

2n

= 20.

Croton elliottii

Croton capitatus

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering Jun–Oct.
Habitat Depression ponds, depression meadows, clay-based Carolina bays, usually on exposed pond edges or bottoms. Pastures, old fields, cultivated land, prairies, floodplains, longleaf pinelands, sandy to loamy soils.
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton elliottii is most closely related to C. capitatus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Croton capitatus is frequently confused with C. heptalon and C. lindheimeri. Croton capitatus usually has some leaves that are blunt-tipped and mucronate (versus all or most acute in C. lindheimeri), and the pistillate sepals are longer than the ovary, with tips that flare outward at anthesis. Also, C. capitatus has petioles roughly equal in length from the middle to the tip of the stem, whereas C. lindheimeri has petioles that decrease more markedly in length from the middle to the tip of the stem. Occurrences of C. capitatus east of the Appalachian Mountains are likely adventive.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 214. FNA vol. 12, p. 212.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Synonyms Heptallon graveolens, Oxydectes capitata, Pilinophytum capitatum
Name authority Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 407. (1860) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 214. (1803) — (as capitatum)
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