Croton californicus |
Croton monanthogynus |
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California croton, desert croton |
one-seed croton, prairie tea |
|
Habit | Subshrubs or shrubs, 4–11 dm, dioecious. | Herbs, annual, 2–5 dm, monoecious. |
Stems | loosely branched, stellate-lepidote. |
dichotomously branched from near base, stellate-hairy, some stellate hairs with dark brown centers. |
Leaves | not clustered; stipules absent; petiole 1–3.5(–4.5) cm, usually less than 1/2 blade length, glands absent at apex; blade elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2–5.5(–7) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, usually more than 2 times as long as wide, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, abaxial surface light green, adaxial surface darker green, both stellate-lepidote. |
sometimes clustered near inflorescences; stipules glandlike, 0.1–0.3 mm; petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, glands absent at apex; blade ovate-oblong to nearly round (proximal) to narrowly elliptic (distal), 1–3.5 × 0.5–3 cm, base obtuse to rounded or truncate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, abaxial surface pale green, sparsely whitish stellate-hairy and appearing brown-dotted, some hairs with dark brown centers, adaxial surface darker green, densely stellate-hairy, hairs without brown centers. |
Inflorescences | unisexual, racemes or thyrses; staminate 0.5–3.5(–10) cm, flowers 3–8(–20); pistillate 0.5–1 cm, flowers 1–6. |
bisexual or sometimes pistillate, congested racemes, 0.3–1 cm, staminate flowers 3–10, pistillate flowers 1–2(–5). |
Pedicels | staminate 1–5.5(–7) mm, pistillate to 1 mm (1–3 mm in fruit). |
staminate 0.5–2 mm, pistillate 1–2.5 mm (2–3 mm and recurved in fruit). |
Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote; petals 0; stamens 10–15. |
sepals 3–5, 0.7–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 3–5, narrowly elliptic-oblanceolate, 0.7–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous; stamens 3–5. |
Pistillate flowers | sepals 5, equal, 2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 2–2.5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments usually 12. |
sepals 5, subequal, 1.5–2 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy, some hairs with dark brown centers; petals 0; ovary 2-locular, 1 fertile; styles 2, 0.8–1.2(–1.5) mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 4. |
Capsules | 6–8 × 5–7 mm, smooth; columella 3-winged. |
appearing follicular (1-seeded), 3.5–4.5 × 1.8–2.2 mm, smooth; columella ± curved, apparently deciduous upon dehiscence of capsule. |
Seeds | 4–5.5 × 3.5–5.5 mm, dull. |
2.5–3.3 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny. |
2n | = 28. |
= 20. |
Croton californicus |
Croton monanthogynus |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–Oct. | Flowering May–Nov. |
Habitat | Sandy soils, sage scrub, dunes, washes. | Prairies, sandstone and limestone glades, thinly wooded bluffs, fallow fields, other disturbed habitats. |
Elevation | 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa)
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AL; AR; AZ; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NM; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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Discussion | Croton monanthogynus may be adventive in the northernmost states. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 211. | FNA vol. 12, p. 220. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Croton | Euphorbiaceae > Croton |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hendecandra procumbens, C. californicus var. longipes, C. californicus var. mohavensis, C. californicus var. tenuis, C. longipes, C. mohavensis, C. tenuis | Engelmannia nuttalliana, Gynamblosis monanthogyna, Heptallon ellipticum, Oxydectes monanthogyna |
Name authority | Müller Arg.: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 691. (1866) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 215. (1803) — (as monanthogynum) |
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