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California croton, desert croton

Michaux's croton, narrowleaf rushfoil, rushfoil

Habit Subshrubs or shrubs, 4–11 dm, dioecious. Herbs, annual, 1–9 dm, monoecious.
Stems

loosely branched, stellate-lepidote.

usually single from base, much branched from near middle, densely stellate-lepidote appearing silvery.

Leaves

not clustered;

stipules absent;

petiole 1–3.5(–4.5) cm, usually less than 1/2 blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2–5.5(–7) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, usually more than 2 times as long as wide, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, abaxial surface light green, adaxial surface darker green, both stellate-lepidote.

not clustered;

stipules rudimentary;

petiole 0.1–0.5 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade lanceolate-linear to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–4 × 0.1–0.4(–1.5) cm, base acute to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, abaxial surface silvery, stellate-lepidote, adaxial surface green, sparsely stellate-hairy, hairs with few radii.

Inflorescences

unisexual, racemes or thyrses; staminate 0.5–3.5(–10) cm, flowers 3–8(–20); pistillate 0.5–1 cm, flowers 1–6.

bisexual, spikes, 0.3–3 cm, staminate flowers 1–12, pistillate flowers 1–6.

Pedicels

staminate 1–5.5(–7) mm, pistillate to 1 mm (1–3 mm in fruit).

pistillate absent, staminate 0–1 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote;

petals 0;

stamens 10–15.

sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 5, spatulate, 0.6–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous;

stamens 5–7.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–2.5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments usually 12.

sepals (4–)5, equal, 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex straight, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 0;

ovary 1-locular;

styles 3, 0.5–0.8 mm, minutely 2-fid, terminal segments 3 or 6.

Capsules

6–8 × 5–7 mm, smooth;

columella 3-winged.

Achenes

2.5–3 × 1–1.2 mm, smooth;

columella absent.

Seeds

4–5.5 × 3.5–5.5 mm, dull.

2–2.5 × 1 mm, surface not visible because seed coat adherent to fruit wall.

2n

= 28.

Croton californicus

Croton michauxii

Phenology Flowering Feb–Oct.
Habitat Sandy soils, sage scrub, dunes, washes.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences 1–3 cm; achenes usually 3–6, densely stellate-lepidote, hairs ± spreading, radii separate most of length, umbos usually sharp, sometimes rounded; leaf blade adaxial surface hairs not overlapping.
var. michauxii
1. Inflorescences usually less than 1 cm; achenes 1–2, sparsely stellate-lepidote, hairs appressed, radii joined most or all of length, umbos usually blunt, rarely sharp; leaf blade adaxial surface hairs overlapping near midvein.
var. elliptica
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 211. FNA vol. 12, p. 220.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Subordinate taxa
C. michauxii var. elliptica, C. michauxii var. michauxii
Synonyms Hendecandra procumbens, C. californicus var. longipes, C. californicus var. mohavensis, C. californicus var. tenuis, C. longipes, C. mohavensis, C. tenuis Crotonopsis linearis
Name authority Müller Arg.: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 691. (1866) G. L. Webster: Novon 2: 270. (1992)
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