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California croton, desert croton

grassland croton, hierba del gato, rosval, rubaldo

Habit Subshrubs or shrubs, 4–11 dm, dioecious. Subshrubs, 2–5(–9) dm, dioecious.
Stems

loosely branched, stellate-lepidote.

well-branched from base, stellate-lepidote.

Leaves

not clustered;

stipules absent;

petiole 1–3.5(–4.5) cm, usually less than 1/2 blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2–5.5(–7) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, usually more than 2 times as long as wide, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, abaxial surface light green, adaxial surface darker green, both stellate-lepidote.

not clustered;

stipules rudimentary or absent;

petiole 0.2–0.8(–2) cm, usually less than 1/2 blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade narrowly elliptic-ovate to lanceolate, 1–6.5 × 0.6–2.2 cm, usually less than 1/2 as wide as long, base rounded, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, abaxial surface pale green, densely silvery lepidote or stellate-lepidote, adaxial surface darker green, less densely lepidote.

Inflorescences

unisexual, racemes or thyrses; staminate 0.5–3.5(–10) cm, flowers 3–8(–20); pistillate 0.5–1 cm, flowers 1–6.

unisexual, racemes; staminate 2–8 cm, flowers 4–16; pistillate 0.5–1 cm, flowers 2–5.

Pedicels

staminate 1–5.5(–7) mm, pistillate to 1 mm (1–3 mm in fruit).

staminate 1–4 mm, pistillate 2–5 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote;

petals 0;

stamens 10–15.

sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 0;

stamens 10–12.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–2.5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments usually 12.

sepals 5, equal, 1.5–2 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 0.5–1.5 mm, 2–3 times 2-fid, terminal segments 12–24.

Capsules

6–8 × 5–7 mm, smooth;

columella 3-winged.

5–6 mm diam., smooth;

columella 3-winged.

Seeds

4–5.5 × 3.5–5.5 mm, dull.

3.5–5 × 3–4 mm, shiny or dull.

2n

= 28.

= 28, 56.

Croton californicus

Croton dioicus

Phenology Flowering Feb–Oct. Flowering Mar–Nov.
Habitat Sandy soils, sage scrub, dunes, washes. Limestone and igneous mountains, canyons, mesas, flats, disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) 30–2000 m. (100–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NM; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 211. FNA vol. 12, p. 214.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Synonyms Hendecandra procumbens, C. californicus var. longipes, C. californicus var. mohavensis, C. californicus var. tenuis, C. longipes, C. mohavensis, C. tenuis C. elaeagnifolius, C. gracilis, C. neomexicanus, C. vulpinus
Name authority Müller Arg.: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 691. (1866) Cavanilles: Icon. 1: 4, plate 6. (1791) — (as dioicum)
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