Croton californicus |
Croton capitatus |
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California croton, desert croton |
capitate croton, hogwort, woolly croton |
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Habit | Subshrubs or shrubs, 4–11 dm, dioecious. | Herbs, annual, 3–8 dm, monoecious. |
Stems | loosely branched, stellate-lepidote. |
well branched distally, stellate-hairy, hairs whitish to pale yellow, glabrescent. |
Leaves | not clustered; stipules absent; petiole 1–3.5(–4.5) cm, usually less than 1/2 blade length, glands absent at apex; blade elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2–5.5(–7) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, usually more than 2 times as long as wide, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, abaxial surface light green, adaxial surface darker green, both stellate-lepidote. |
not clustered; stipules filiform, 2–5 mm; petiole 0.5–6 cm, glands absent at apex; blade ovate to lanceolate-elliptic, 3–8(–15) × 1–4 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute or rounded, abaxial surface light green, not appearing brown-dotted, no stellate hairs with brown centers, adaxial surface darker green, both appressed stellate-hairy. |
Inflorescences | unisexual, racemes or thyrses; staminate 0.5–3.5(–10) cm, flowers 3–8(–20); pistillate 0.5–1 cm, flowers 1–6. |
bisexual, racemes or capitate, 1.5–3 cm, staminate flowers 5–15, pistillate flowers 3–6. |
Pedicels | staminate 1–5.5(–7) mm, pistillate to 1 mm (1–3 mm in fruit). |
staminate 0.5–1.5 mm, pistillate 0–1.5 mm. |
Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote; petals 0; stamens 10–15. |
sepals 5, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 5, linear-oblong-lanceolate, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; stamens 7–12. |
Pistillate flowers | sepals 5, equal, 2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-lepidote; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 2–2.5 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments usually 12. |
sepals 6–9, equal, 7–10 mm to 15 mm in fruit, opening broadly and persistent after capsule dehiscence, margins entire, apex recurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 2–3 mm, 2–3 times 2-fid, terminal segments 12–18(–24). |
Capsules | 6–8 × 5–7 mm, smooth; columella 3-winged. |
7–9 × 5–6 mm, smooth; columella tipped with 3-pronged grappling hooklike appendage. |
Seeds | 4–5.5 × 3.5–5.5 mm, dull. |
5 × 4.5–5 mm, shiny. |
2n | = 28. |
= 20. |
Croton californicus |
Croton capitatus |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Sandy soils, sage scrub, dunes, washes. | Pastures, old fields, cultivated land, prairies, floodplains, longleaf pinelands, sandy to loamy soils. |
Elevation | 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa)
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AL; AR; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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Discussion | Croton capitatus is frequently confused with C. heptalon and C. lindheimeri. Croton capitatus usually has some leaves that are blunt-tipped and mucronate (versus all or most acute in C. lindheimeri), and the pistillate sepals are longer than the ovary, with tips that flare outward at anthesis. Also, C. capitatus has petioles roughly equal in length from the middle to the tip of the stem, whereas C. lindheimeri has petioles that decrease more markedly in length from the middle to the tip of the stem. Occurrences of C. capitatus east of the Appalachian Mountains are likely adventive. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 211. | FNA vol. 12, p. 212. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Croton | Euphorbiaceae > Croton |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hendecandra procumbens, C. californicus var. longipes, C. californicus var. mohavensis, C. californicus var. tenuis, C. longipes, C. mohavensis, C. tenuis | Heptallon graveolens, Oxydectes capitata, Pilinophytum capitatum |
Name authority | Müller Arg.: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 691. (1866) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 214. (1803) — (as capitatum) |
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