Croton argyranthemus |
Croton monanthogynus |
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healing croton, silver croton, silverleaf croton |
one-seed croton, prairie tea |
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Habit | Herbs or subshrubs, annual or short-lived perennial, 1–6 dm, monoecious. | Herbs, annual, 2–5 dm, monoecious. |
Stems | several from base, branching distally into 2–4 branches, lepidote. |
dichotomously branched from near base, stellate-hairy, some stellate hairs with dark brown centers. |
Leaves | not clustered; stipules subulate, 0.2 mm; petiole 0.2–1(–2) cm, glands absent at apex; blade on proximal parts of stems oval to narrowly obovate, on distal parts oblong to lanceolate-oblong or broadly elliptic, 1–5 × 0.5–2(–3) cm, base rounded to narrowed, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, abaxial surface silvery, densely lepidote, adaxial surface darker green, sparsely lepidote or glabrate. |
sometimes clustered near inflorescences; stipules glandlike, 0.1–0.3 mm; petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, glands absent at apex; blade ovate-oblong to nearly round (proximal) to narrowly elliptic (distal), 1–3.5 × 0.5–3 cm, base obtuse to rounded or truncate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, abaxial surface pale green, sparsely whitish stellate-hairy and appearing brown-dotted, some hairs with dark brown centers, adaxial surface darker green, densely stellate-hairy, hairs without brown centers. |
Inflorescences | bisexual, racemes, 2–5 cm, staminate flowers 15–35, pistillate flowers 2–8. |
bisexual or sometimes pistillate, congested racemes, 0.3–1 cm, staminate flowers 3–10, pistillate flowers 1–2(–5). |
Pedicels | staminate 1–5 mm, pistillate 0–2 mm. |
staminate 0.5–2 mm, pistillate 1–2.5 mm (2–3 mm and recurved in fruit). |
Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 5 mm, abaxial surface lepidote; petals 5, oblong-spatulate, 5 mm, abaxial surface densely lepidote, scales translucent, petals appearing hyaline; stamens 10–15. |
sepals 3–5, 0.7–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 3–5, narrowly elliptic-oblanceolate, 0.7–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous; stamens 3–5. |
Pistillate flowers | sepals 5–7, connate for 1/2+ length, equal, 3–4 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface lepidote; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 2–4 mm, 1–3 times 2-fid at apex, terminal segments 6–24. |
sepals 5, subequal, 1.5–2 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy, some hairs with dark brown centers; petals 0; ovary 2-locular, 1 fertile; styles 2, 0.8–1.2(–1.5) mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 4. |
Capsules | 5–6 × 3–4 mm, smooth; columella 3-angled. |
appearing follicular (1-seeded), 3.5–4.5 × 1.8–2.2 mm, smooth; columella ± curved, apparently deciduous upon dehiscence of capsule. |
Seeds | 4–5 × 2.5–3 mm, dull. |
2.5–3.3 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny. |
2n | = 20. |
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Croton argyranthemus |
Croton monanthogynus |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering May–Nov. |
Habitat | Deep sandy soils in pinelands, pine-oak scrub, sandhills. | Prairies, sandstone and limestone glades, thinly wooded bluffs, fallow fields, other disturbed habitats. |
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; TX; Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
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AL; AR; AZ; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NM; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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Discussion | Croton argyranthemus is closely related to C. coryi. Although they have very different kinds of vegetative indumentum, the staminate petals are characteristically silvery-lepidote in both species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Croton monanthogynus may be adventive in the northernmost states. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 211. | FNA vol. 12, p. 220. |
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Croton | Euphorbiaceae > Croton |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Engelmannia nuttalliana, Gynamblosis monanthogyna, Heptallon ellipticum, Oxydectes monanthogyna | |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 215. (1803) — (as argyranthemum) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 215. (1803) — (as monanthogynum) |
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