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healing croton, silver croton, silverleaf croton

one-seed croton, prairie tea

Habit Herbs or subshrubs, annual or short-lived perennial, 1–6 dm, monoecious. Herbs, annual, 2–5 dm, monoecious.
Stems

several from base, branching distally into 2–4 branches, lepidote.

dichotomously branched from near base, stellate-hairy, some stellate hairs with dark brown centers.

Leaves

not clustered;

stipules subulate, 0.2 mm;

petiole 0.2–1(–2) cm, glands absent at apex;

blade on proximal parts of stems oval to narrowly obovate, on distal parts oblong to lanceolate-oblong or broadly elliptic, 1–5 × 0.5–2(–3) cm, base rounded to narrowed, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, abaxial surface silvery, densely lepidote, adaxial surface darker green, sparsely lepidote or glabrate.

sometimes clustered near inflorescences;

stipules glandlike, 0.1–0.3 mm;

petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate-oblong to nearly round (proximal) to narrowly elliptic (distal), 1–3.5 × 0.5–3 cm, base obtuse to rounded or truncate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, abaxial surface pale green, sparsely whitish stellate-hairy and appearing brown-dotted, some hairs with dark brown centers, adaxial surface darker green, densely stellate-hairy, hairs without brown centers.

Inflorescences

bisexual, racemes, 2–5 cm, staminate flowers 15–35, pistillate flowers 2–8.

bisexual or sometimes pistillate, congested racemes, 0.3–1 cm, staminate flowers 3–10, pistillate flowers 1–2(–5).

Pedicels

staminate 1–5 mm, pistillate 0–2 mm.

staminate 0.5–2 mm, pistillate 1–2.5 mm (2–3 mm and recurved in fruit).

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 5 mm, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 5, oblong-spatulate, 5 mm, abaxial surface densely lepidote, scales translucent, petals appearing hyaline;

stamens 10–15.

sepals 3–5, 0.7–1 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy;

petals 3–5, narrowly elliptic-oblanceolate, 0.7–1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins villous;

stamens 3–5.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5–7, connate for 1/2+ length, equal, 3–4 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 0;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–4 mm, 1–3 times 2-fid at apex, terminal segments 6–24.

sepals 5, subequal, 1.5–2 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy, some hairs with dark brown centers;

petals 0;

ovary 2-locular, 1 fertile;

styles 2, 0.8–1.2(–1.5) mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 4.

Capsules

5–6 × 3–4 mm, smooth;

columella 3-angled.

appearing follicular (1-seeded), 3.5–4.5 × 1.8–2.2 mm, smooth;

columella ± curved, apparently deciduous upon dehiscence of capsule.

Seeds

4–5 × 2.5–3 mm, dull.

2.5–3.3 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny.

2n

= 20.

Croton argyranthemus

Croton monanthogynus

Phenology Flowering Mar–Sep. Flowering May–Nov.
Habitat Deep sandy soils in pinelands, pine-oak scrub, sandhills. Prairies, sandstone and limestone glades, thinly wooded bluffs, fallow fields, other disturbed habitats.
Elevation 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; TX; Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NM; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Croton argyranthemus is closely related to C. coryi. Although they have very different kinds of vegetative indumentum, the staminate petals are characteristically silvery-lepidote in both species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Croton monanthogynus may be adventive in the northernmost states.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 211. FNA vol. 12, p. 220.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Synonyms Engelmannia nuttalliana, Gynamblosis monanthogyna, Heptallon ellipticum, Oxydectes monanthogyna
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 215. (1803) — (as argyranthemum) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 215. (1803) — (as monanthogynum)
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