Croton argenteus |
Croton fruticulosus |
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silver July croton |
bush croton, encinilla, hierba loca, shrubby croton |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 2–12 dm, monoecious. | Shrubs, 2–10 dm, monoecious. |
Stems | branching once into 2–3 branches, tomentose. |
much branched distally, stellate-hairy. |
Leaves | sometimes clustered near inflorescences; stipules linear-subulate, 4–11 mm, unlobed or deeply divided; petiole 0.3–8 cm, glands absent at apex; blade ovate to ovate-oblong, 2–15 × 1.5–8 cm, base obtuse, cuneate, or subtruncate, margins denticulate, apex obtuse to rounded, abaxial surface pale green, not appearing brown-dotted, no stellate hairs with brown centers, densely stellate-hairy, adaxial surface green, less densely stellate-hairy. |
not clustered; stipules rudimentary or absent; petiole 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, 1/8–1/5 blade length, glands absent at apex; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–8 × 2–4 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins serrulate, often slightly undulate, apex attenuate, acute, abaxial surface pale green, stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, puberulent. |
Inflorescences | bisexual, congested racemes, 1–4 cm, staminate flowers 4–10, pistillate flowers 3–6. |
bisexual, racemes, 3–12 cm, staminate flowers 10–20, pistillate flowers 2–5. |
Pedicels | staminate 2–3 mm, pistillate 1–4 mm (3–5 mm in fruit). |
staminate 2.5–4 mm, pistillate 0–0.5 mm. |
Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 1.5–2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 5, oblong, 2–3 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins ciliate; stamens 10–13. |
sepals 5, 0.8–1.2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-tomentose; petals 5, oblanceolate to spatulate, 2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins densely fimbrillate-villous; stamens 9–16. |
Pistillate flowers | sepals 5, unequal, 4–8 mm, margins deeply laciniate, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 2–3 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments 12. |
sepals 5, equal, 2.2 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 3–4.5 mm, 2-fid to base, terminal segments 6. |
Capsules | 5 × 7 mm, smooth; columella 3-angled. |
5–6 mm diam., smooth; columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes. |
Seeds | 3.2–3.8 × 2.4–3 mm, dull. |
4–5 × 3.2–3.8 mm, shiny. |
Croton argenteus |
Croton fruticulosus |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Dec. | Flowering May–Dec. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites, waste areas, levees. | Limestone or basalt hills. |
Elevation | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) | 100–1700 m. (300–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
TX; e Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America] |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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Discussion | Croton argenteus, which in the flora area is known only from Cameron and Hidalgo counties, may be a fairly recent introduction into the United States; the earliest known collections date from 1923. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Croton fruticulosus is known in the flora area from southeastern Arizona through southern New Mexico and trans-Pecos Texas to the Edwards Plateau. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 211. | FNA vol. 12, p. 214. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | family euphorbiaceae Julocroton argenteus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1004. (1753) — (as argenteum) | Engelmann ex Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 194. (1859) — (as fruticulosum) |
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