Croton alabamensis |
Croton texensis |
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Alabama croton |
doveweed, goatweed, skunkweed, Texas croton |
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Habit | Shrubs, 5–35 dm, monoecious. | Herbs, annual, 2–7(–9) dm, dioecious. | ||||
Stems | usually well branched distally, lepidote. |
loosely branched distally, stellate-hairy. |
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Leaves | clustered at branch tips; stipules absent; petiole 0.6–2 cm, glands absent at apex; blade elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 3–10 × 1.5–5 cm, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, sometimes ± undulate, apex acute, rounded, or emarginate, abaxial surface silvery or coppery, densely lepidote, adaxial surface green, sparsely lepidote. |
not clustered; stipules absent; petiole 0.3–2 cm, glands absent at apex; blade narrowly ovate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, 1–5 × 0.5–2 cm, base truncate to rounded or subcordate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, abaxial surface pale green, densely whitish appressed stellate-hairy, adaxial surface darker green, less hairy. |
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Inflorescences | bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 2–4.5 cm, staminate flowers 0–15, pistillate flowers 0–10. |
unisexual; staminate racemes or irregularly branched panicles, 2–8 cm, flowers 10–30; pistillate racemes, 1–2 cm, flowers 1–6. |
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Pedicels | staminate 2.2–4 mm, pistillate 2.2–7.5 mm (7–11 mm in fruit). |
staminate 2–3 mm, pistillate 1–3 mm. |
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Staminate flowers | sepals 5, 1.1–2.9 mm, abaxial surface lepidote; petals 5, oblong-ovate, 2–3.1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins stellate-ciliate; stamens 10–22. |
sepals 5, 1–2 mm, abaxial surface densely whitish appressed stellate-hairy; petals 0; stamens 8–12. |
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Pistillate flowers | sepals 5, equal, 2–4.5 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface lepidote; petals 5, pale green, ovate, 2–3.5 mm; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 2–5 mm, usually unbranched, rarely 2-fid, terminal segments 3 (or 6). |
sepals 5, equal, 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface densely stipitate-stellate-hairy; petals 0; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, 1–2 mm, multifid, terminal segments 12–32+. |
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Capsules | 1.6–2.5 × 2–3 mm, smooth; columella 3-angled. |
5–8 × 4–5.5 mm, verrucose; columella 3-winged. |
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Seeds | 6.7–8 × 5.2–6 mm, shiny. |
3.5–4 × 2.5–3 mm, shiny. |
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2n | = 28. |
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Croton alabamensis |
Croton texensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Nov. | |||||
Habitat | Prairies, sandy creek beds, old fields, canyons, disturbed areas. | |||||
Elevation | 50–2000 m. (200–6600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; TX
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AL; AZ; CO; DE; FL; IA; IL; KS; MD; MO; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; UT; WI; WV; WY; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). B. W. van Ee et al. (2006) examined populations of Croton alabamensis using DNA sequence and AFLP data, and their results supported the recognition of two varieties and an isolated position in the genus. Buds develop in the summer and fall for the following spring's flowers. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Croton texensis, despite being annual, grows larger than the related perennial C. dioicus. Croton texensis has verrucose fruits similar to those of the closely related C. parksii. There is a single specimen of Croton texensis from Massachusetts, collected at a dump in Boston in 1890, but the species did not become established there. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 210. | FNA vol. 12, p. 224. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Hendecandra texensis, C. luteovirens, C. texensis var. utahensis, C. virens | |||||
Name authority | E. A. Smith ex Chapman: Fl. South. U.S. ed. 2, 648. (1883) | (Klotzsch) Müller Arg.: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 692. (1866) | ||||
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