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Alabama croton

Soliman's croton

Habit Shrubs, 5–35 dm, monoecious. Shrubs, 5–8 dm, monoecious.
Stems

usually well branched distally, lepidote.

sparsely branched distally, sparsely stellate-hairy.

Leaves

clustered at branch tips;

stipules absent;

petiole 0.6–2 cm, glands absent at apex;

blade elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 3–10 × 1.5–5 cm, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, sometimes ± undulate, apex acute, rounded, or emarginate, abaxial surface silvery or coppery, densely lepidote, adaxial surface green, sparsely lepidote.

not clustered;

stipules linear, (0–)1–2 mm, sometimes short stipitate-glandular;

petiole 1–2 cm, 2/5–1/2 leaf blade length, glands absent at apex;

blade ovate, 2–5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, base rounded-cuneate, margins entire, with scattered glandular-capitate processes 1 mm, usually denser at base, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface green, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy, usually along margin, adaxial surface slightly darker green, glabrous.

Inflorescences

bisexual or unisexual, racemes, 2–4.5 cm, staminate flowers 0–15, pistillate flowers 0–10.

bisexual, racemes, 2–4 cm, staminate flowers 10–30, pistillate flowers 3–6.

Pedicels

staminate 2.2–4 mm, pistillate 2.2–7.5 mm (7–11 mm in fruit).

staminate 1–5 mm, pistillate 2–5 mm.

Staminate flowers

sepals 5, 1.1–2.9 mm, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 5, oblong-ovate, 2–3.1 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins stellate-ciliate;

stamens 10–22.

sepals 5, 0.8–1 mm, abaxial surface sparsely stellate-hairy;

petals 5, spatulate, 1–1.3 mm, abaxial surface glabrous except margins ciliate basally;

stamens 15–20.

Pistillate flowers

sepals 5, equal, 2–4.5 mm, margins entire, apex incurved, abaxial surface lepidote;

petals 5, pale green, ovate, 2–3.5 mm;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 2–5 mm, usually unbranched, rarely 2-fid, terminal segments 3 (or 6).

sepals 5, unequal, 5–6 mm, margins entire, apex straight to slightly incurved, abaxial surface glabrous or with a few stellate hairs;

petals 0 or 5, white, linear, 2.5–3.5 mm;

ovary 3-locular;

styles 3, 3–4 mm, 4-fid, terminal segments 12.

Capsules

1.6–2.5 × 2–3 mm, smooth;

columella 3-angled.

6 × 5–6 mm, smooth;

columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes.

Seeds

6.7–8 × 5.2–6 mm, shiny.

4–5 × 3–4 mm, shiny.

Croton alabamensis

Croton soliman

Phenology Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Thickets, low ridges.
Elevation 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; e Mexico; s Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

B. W. van Ee et al. (2006) examined populations of Croton alabamensis using DNA sequence and AFLP data, and their results supported the recognition of two varieties and an isolated position in the genus. Buds develop in the summer and fall for the following spring's flowers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Croton soliman is most similar to C. humilis. In the flora area, C. soliman is found only in Cameron County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blade abaxial surfaces silvery, scales mostly unpigmented or light amber, some dark blackish brown scales sometimes present; inflorescences 9–18-flowered, producing 0–11 fruits; Alabama.
var. alabamensis
1. Leaf blade abaxial surfaces coppery, some scales unpigmented, others with dark reddish brown center and reddish amber rays; inflorescences 6–14-flowered, producing 0–6 fruits; Texas.
var. texensis
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 210. FNA vol. 12, p. 223.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Croton Euphorbiaceae > Croton
Sibling taxa
C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. soliman, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
C. alabamensis, C. argenteus, C. argyranthemus, C. californicus, C. capitatus, C. ciliatoglandulifer, C. cortesianus, C. coryi, C. dioicus, C. elliottii, C. fruticulosus, C. glandulosus, C. heptalon, C. humilis, C. incanus, C. leucophyllus, C. lindheimeri, C. lindheimerianus, C. linearis, C. michauxii, C. monanthogynus, C. parksii, C. pottsii, C. punctatus, C. sancti-lazari, C. setigerus, C. sonorae, C. suaveolens, C. texensis, C. wigginsii
Subordinate taxa
C. alabamensis var. alabamensis, C. alabamensis var. texensis
Name authority E. A. Smith ex Chapman: Fl. South. U.S. ed. 2, 648. (1883) Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 6: 361. (1831)
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