Crotalaria |
Crotalaria trichotoma |
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| rabbitbells, rattlebox |
curara pea, West Indian rattlebox |
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| Habit | Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, unarmed; taprooted. | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stems | erect, ascending, spreading, decumbent, or prostrate, glabrous or pubescent. |
suffrutescent basally, erect, 75–250 cm, strigose to strigillose, hairs tightly appressed. |
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| Leaves | alternate, palmately compound or unifoliolate; stipules present or absent, usually persistent, filiform to foliaceous; petiolate or subsessile; leaflets 1 or 3[–7], stipels absent, blades 5–150 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
3-foliolate; stipules absent; leaflet blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, 40–100(–140) mm, length 3–4.5 times width, surfaces strigose abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
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| Racemes | 10–50-flowered, terminal, subterminal, or lateral, 10–40 cm; bracts persistent, linear-subulate. |
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| Inflorescences | (1 or)2–50-flowered, usually terminal or subterminal, leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, racemes [heads or flowers solitary or fascicled]; bracts present, persistent or caducous; bracteoles present, paired proximal to calyx. |
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| Flowers | papilionaceous; calyx usually cylindrical, rarely campanulate or cupulate, lobes 5; corolla usually yellow, sometimes orangish, rarely white, blue, or lavender, glabrous or hairy outside; stamens 10, monadelphous; anthers alternately basifixed on long filaments and dorsifixed on small filaments, dehiscing longitudinally; style with 1 or 2 lines of hairs adaxially; stigma terminal, usually bilobed. |
calyx broadly cylindrical, basally truncate and deflexed against pedicel, 4–6 mm (length less than width), lobes triangular-lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely strigillose; corolla yellow with prominent reddish lines, each wing with a purple spot at base, 12–15 mm. |
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| Fruits | legumes, subsessile to long-stipitate, usually inflated, globose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or cylindrical, dehiscent, often tardily so, glabrous or pubescent. |
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| Legumes | 30–45 × 7–12 mm, sparsely to densely strigose to strigose-sericeous. |
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| Seeds | 1–70, oblique-cordiform to oblong-reniform; hilar sinus obvious, aril sometimes conspicuous. |
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| x | = 7, 8. |
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Crotalaria |
Crotalaria trichotoma |
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| Phenology | Flowering probably year-round. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Habitat | Roadsides. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elevation | 0–10 m. [0–30 ft.] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution |
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Europe; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; tropics and subtropics; mostly eastern and southern tropical Africa [Introduced in Australia] |
FL; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America (Nicaragua), South America (Argentina, Peru), Asia (China, Java, Sri Lanka, Sumatra), Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
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| Discussion | Species ca. 600 (15 in the flora). Crotalaria biflora Linnaeus (native to India) was collected in 1959 as a waif on chrome ore piles in Newport News, Virginia (C. F. Reed 1964). The species is an annual, distinguished as hirsute-villous to subsericeous, stems prostrate, 5–12 cm, leaves sessile, unifoliolate, blades ovate to oblong or oblong-ovate, surfaces villous-hirsute, flowers one or two, on axillary peduncles, and hirsute, ovoid to cylindrical-ovoid legumes. Crotalaria alata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don (native to Himalayan Asia) was collected in 1939 as an escape in Gainesville, Florida (W. A. Murrill s.n., MO); subsequently, it has not been recorded in the flora area. The species is perennial, distinguished as hirsute to strigose-hirsute, stems erect, 10–20 cm, leaves unifoliolate, blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, stipules decurrent, forming wings on internodes, and apically bilobed, flowers in terminal and axillary racemes, 4–10 cm, and legumes glabrous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the flora area, Crotalaria trichotoma has been found only in Miami-Dade County. R. M. Polhill (1982) stated that Crotalaria trichotoma does not belong in the genus Crotalaria, without stating its placement elsewhere. In contrast, D. Isely (1998) observed that C. trichotoma resembles the common C. pallida in flower but that the latter has wider leaflets and caducous bracts; the similarity of C. trichotoma to many other crotalarias is confirmed here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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| Key |
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| Synonyms | C. usaramoensis, C. zanzibarica | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 714. (1753) — name conserved: Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 320. (1754) — name conserved | Bojer: Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 4: 265. (1835) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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