Crotalaria |
Crotalaria retusa |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rabbitbells, rattlebox |
rattleweed |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Habit | Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, unarmed; taprooted. | Herbs annual. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stems | erect, ascending, spreading, decumbent, or prostrate, glabrous or pubescent. |
erect, 30–90 cm, strigose to strigose-sericeous. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leaves | alternate, palmately compound or unifoliolate; stipules present or absent, usually persistent, filiform to foliaceous; petiolate or subsessile; leaflets 1 or 3[–7], stipels absent, blades 5–150 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
unifoliolate; stipules sometimes absent, setaceous, not decurrent on stem, 1–2 mm; blade obovate to spatulate or oblanceolate, 30–80 mm, length 2.2–3(–4) times width, surfaces strigose abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Racemes | 5–24-flowered, terminal, subterminal, or lateral, 10–20(–30) cm; bracts caducous, linear, 2–3 mm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inflorescences | (1 or)2–50-flowered, usually terminal or subterminal, leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, racemes [heads or flowers solitary or fascicled]; bracts present, persistent or caducous; bracteoles present, paired proximal to calyx. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Flowers | papilionaceous; calyx usually cylindrical, rarely campanulate or cupulate, lobes 5; corolla usually yellow, sometimes orangish, rarely white, blue, or lavender, glabrous or hairy outside; stamens 10, monadelphous; anthers alternately basifixed on long filaments and dorsifixed on small filaments, dehiscing longitudinally; style with 1 or 2 lines of hairs adaxially; stigma terminal, usually bilobed. |
calyx broadly cylindrical, 12–15 mm, basally truncate, lobes triangular-lanceolate, glabrous or slightly puberulous; corolla bright yellow, with prominent reddish lines to strongly red-tinted, 20–25 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fruits | legumes, subsessile to long-stipitate, usually inflated, globose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or cylindrical, dehiscent, often tardily so, glabrous or pubescent. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legumes | 25–40(–50) × 10–14 mm, glabrous. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seeds | 1–70, oblique-cordiform to oblong-reniform; hilar sinus obvious, aril sometimes conspicuous. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| x | = 7, 8. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2n | = 16. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Crotalaria |
Crotalaria retusa |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phenology | Flowering Jul–Oct, Jan–Apr. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Habitat | Fallow fields, roadsides, sandy wastes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elevation | 0–100 m. [0–300 ft.] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution |
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Europe; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; tropics and subtropics; mostly eastern and southern tropical Africa [Introduced in Australia] |
FL; GA; KY; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discussion | Species ca. 600 (15 in the flora). Crotalaria biflora Linnaeus (native to India) was collected in 1959 as a waif on chrome ore piles in Newport News, Virginia (C. F. Reed 1964). The species is an annual, distinguished as hirsute-villous to subsericeous, stems prostrate, 5–12 cm, leaves sessile, unifoliolate, blades ovate to oblong or oblong-ovate, surfaces villous-hirsute, flowers one or two, on axillary peduncles, and hirsute, ovoid to cylindrical-ovoid legumes. Crotalaria alata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don (native to Himalayan Asia) was collected in 1939 as an escape in Gainesville, Florida (W. A. Murrill s.n., MO); subsequently, it has not been recorded in the flora area. The species is perennial, distinguished as hirsute to strigose-hirsute, stems erect, 10–20 cm, leaves unifoliolate, blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, stipules decurrent, forming wings on internodes, and apically bilobed, flowers in terminal and axillary racemes, 4–10 cm, and legumes glabrous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the flora area, Crotalaria retusa is commonly found in subtropical Florida but much more rarely in temperate areas, where it does not persist. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 714. (1753) — name conserved: Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 320. (1754) — name conserved | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 715. (1753) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Web links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||