Crotalaria |
Crotalaria pumila |
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| rabbitbells, rattlebox |
low rattlebox |
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| Habit | Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, unarmed; taprooted. | Herbs annual or perennial. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stems | erect, ascending, spreading, decumbent, or prostrate, glabrous or pubescent. |
sometimes ligneous basally, mostly decumbent to prostrate, 15–100 cm, minutely and sparsely strigillose. |
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| Leaves | alternate, palmately compound or unifoliolate; stipules present or absent, usually persistent, filiform to foliaceous; petiolate or subsessile; leaflets 1 or 3[–7], stipels absent, blades 5–150 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
3-foliolate; stipules caducous, narrowly triangular, setaceous, 0.5–1 mm; leaflet blades narrowly obovate to oblong or elliptic-oblong, 7–15(–35) mm, length 1.5–3.5(–6) times width, surfaces strigose abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
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| Racemes | (1–)4–8-flowered, terminal, subterminal, or lateral, 1–6(–10) cm; bracts caducous, subulate. |
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| Inflorescences | (1 or)2–50-flowered, usually terminal or subterminal, leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, racemes [heads or flowers solitary or fascicled]; bracts present, persistent or caducous; bracteoles present, paired proximal to calyx. |
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| Flowers | papilionaceous; calyx usually cylindrical, rarely campanulate or cupulate, lobes 5; corolla usually yellow, sometimes orangish, rarely white, blue, or lavender, glabrous or hairy outside; stamens 10, monadelphous; anthers alternately basifixed on long filaments and dorsifixed on small filaments, dehiscing longitudinally; style with 1 or 2 lines of hairs adaxially; stigma terminal, usually bilobed. |
calyx campanulate, 3–5.5 mm, lobes triangular, strigose; corolla yellow, often red- or orange-tinged or red-lined, 7–11 mm. |
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| Fruits | legumes, subsessile to long-stipitate, usually inflated, globose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or cylindrical, dehiscent, often tardily so, glabrous or pubescent. |
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| Legumes | yellowish, 12–20 × 4–8 mm, minutely strigillose. |
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| Seeds | 1–70, oblique-cordiform to oblong-reniform; hilar sinus obvious, aril sometimes conspicuous. |
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| x | = 7, 8. |
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| 2n | = 32. |
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Crotalaria |
Crotalaria pumila |
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| Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct, Dec–May. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Habitat | Sandy waste areas, dunes, sand ridges, sandy pine woods, dune thickets, hammock margins, grassy hillsides, creek bottoms, alluvium. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elevation | 0–10 m, 1100–1800 m. [0–30 ft, 3600–5900 ft.] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution |
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Europe; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; tropics and subtropics; mostly eastern and southern tropical Africa [Introduced in Australia] |
AZ; FL; NM; OK; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
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| Discussion | Species ca. 600 (15 in the flora). Crotalaria biflora Linnaeus (native to India) was collected in 1959 as a waif on chrome ore piles in Newport News, Virginia (C. F. Reed 1964). The species is an annual, distinguished as hirsute-villous to subsericeous, stems prostrate, 5–12 cm, leaves sessile, unifoliolate, blades ovate to oblong or oblong-ovate, surfaces villous-hirsute, flowers one or two, on axillary peduncles, and hirsute, ovoid to cylindrical-ovoid legumes. Crotalaria alata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don (native to Himalayan Asia) was collected in 1939 as an escape in Gainesville, Florida (W. A. Murrill s.n., MO); subsequently, it has not been recorded in the flora area. The species is perennial, distinguished as hirsute to strigose-hirsute, stems erect, 10–20 cm, leaves unifoliolate, blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, stipules decurrent, forming wings on internodes, and apically bilobed, flowers in terminal and axillary racemes, 4–10 cm, and legumes glabrous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plants of Crotalaria pumila in the south-central and southwestern United States tend to have more elongate leaflets than those from Florida and are often found on grassy hillsides, creek bottoms, and in alluvium, from 1100–1800 m; flowering is from August to October. In Florida, it is found in low elevation, mostly sandy habitats, and flowers from December to May. It was collected on chrome ore piles in Baltimore, Maryland, in the 1950s but did not become established there. A record cited by H. A. Senn (1939) attributed to Utah is doubtful, and no subsequent specimens have been reported from that state. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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| Key |
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| Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 714. (1753) — name conserved: Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 320. (1754) — name conserved | Ortega: Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 2: 23. (1797) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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