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arrow crotalaria, arrow-head rattlebox, common rattlebox

low rattlebox

Habit Herbs annual. Herbs annual or perennial.
Stems

erect to decumbent, 4–40 cm, hirsute-pilose.

sometimes ligneous basally, mostly decumbent to prostrate, 15–100 cm, minutely and sparsely strigillose.

Leaves

unifoliolate;

stipules sometimes absent, decurrent on mid and distal stems, lanceolate-auriculate or triangular, with 2 distinct, persistent, triangular distal lobes, (3–)5–10 mm or absent (in var. blumeriana);

subsessile;

blade elliptic to oblong or linear-lanceolate, 10–80 mm, length 4–8 times width, surfaces strigose to sparsely rusty-pilose.

3-foliolate;

stipules caducous, narrowly triangular, setaceous, 0.5–1 mm;

leaflet blades narrowly obovate to oblong or elliptic-oblong, 7–15(–35) mm, length 1.5–3.5(–6) times width, surfaces strigose abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

Racemes

(1 or)2–5-flowered, terminal, subterminal, or lateral, 2–6 cm;

bracts persistent, linear-triangular.

(1–)4–8-flowered, terminal, subterminal, or lateral, 1–6(–10) cm;

bracts caducous, subulate.

Flowers

calyx broadly cylindrical, 5–8 mm, lobes triangular-lanceolate, glabrous or slightly puberulous to rusty-pilose;

corolla bright yellow, 9–11 mm.

calyx campanulate, 3–5.5 mm, lobes triangular, strigose;

corolla yellow, often red- or orange-tinged or red-lined, 7–11 mm.

Legumes

7–27(–36) × 5–11 mm, glabrous.

yellowish, 12–20 × 4–8 mm, minutely strigillose.

2n

= 32.

Crotalaria sagittalis

Crotalaria pumila

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct, Dec–May.
Habitat Sandy waste areas, dunes, sand ridges, sandy pine woods, dune thickets, hammock margins, grassy hillsides, creek bottoms, alluvium.
Elevation 0–10 m, 1100–1800 m. (0–0 ft, 3600–5900 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
United States; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; FL; NM; OK; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Plants of Crotalaria pumila in the south-central and southwestern United States tend to have more elongate leaflets than those from Florida and are often found on grassy hillsides, creek bottoms, and in alluvium, from 1100–1800 m; flowering is from August to October. In Florida, it is found in low elevation, mostly sandy habitats, and flowers from December to May. It was collected on chrome ore piles in Baltimore, Maryland, in the 1950s but did not become established there. A record cited by H. A. Senn (1939) attributed to Utah is doubtful, and no subsequent specimens have been reported from that state.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems 10–40 cm, erect; stipules prominent; legumes 10–27(–36) mm.
var. sagittalis
1. Stems 4–10 cm, erect to decumbent; stipules reduced or absent; legumes 7–15 mm.
var. blumeriana
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Crotalaria Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Crotalaria
Sibling taxa
C. avonensis, C. incana, C. juncea, C. lanceolata, C. ochroleuca, C. pallida, C. pumila, C. purshii, C. retusa, C. rotundifolia, C. spectabilis, C. trichotoma, C. verrucosa, C. virgulata
C. avonensis, C. incana, C. juncea, C. lanceolata, C. ochroleuca, C. pallida, C. purshii, C. retusa, C. rotundifolia, C. sagittalis, C. spectabilis, C. trichotoma, C. verrucosa, C. virgulata
Subordinate taxa
C. sagittalis var. blumeriana, C. sagittalis var. sagittalis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 714. (1753) Ortega: Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 2: 23. (1797)
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