Crotalaria pallida var. obovata |
Crotalaria |
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smooth rattlebox |
rabbitbells, rattlebox |
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Habit | Herbs annual. | Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, unarmed; taprooted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | suffrutescent basally, erect, 60–200(–300) cm, moderately to densely strigose to sericeous or glabrescent. |
erect, ascending, spreading, decumbent, or prostrate, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Leaves | 3-foliolate; stipules sometimes absent, linear, 1–3 mm; leaflet blades broadly obovate to elliptic, elliptic-obovate, or spatulate-obovate, 20–50(–75) mm, length 1.5–2.5 times width, surfaces strigillose abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
alternate, palmately compound or unifoliolate; stipules present or absent, usually persistent, filiform to foliaceous; petiolate or subsessile; leaflets 1 or 3[–7], stipels absent, blades 5–150 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
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Racemes | (8–)12–45-flowered, terminal, 10–30 cm; bracts caducous, filiform. |
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Inflorescences | (1 or)2–50-flowered, usually terminal or subterminal, leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, racemes [heads or flowers solitary or fascicled]; bracts present, persistent or caducous; bracteoles present, paired proximal to calyx. |
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Flowers | calyx broadly cylindrical, sometimes basally truncate, not deflexed against pedicels, 3–4 mm, lobes triangular-lanceolate, sparsely to densely strigose; corolla yellow to orangish, banner and keel strongly red- to reddish brown-lined, 11–15 mm. |
papilionaceous; calyx usually cylindrical, rarely campanulate or cupulate, lobes 5; corolla usually yellow, sometimes orangish, rarely white, blue, or lavender, glabrous or hairy outside; stamens 10, monadelphous; anthers alternately basifixed on long filaments and dorsifixed on small filaments, dehiscing longitudinally; style with 1 or 2 lines of hairs adaxially; stigma terminal, usually bilobed. |
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Fruits | legumes, subsessile to long-stipitate, usually inflated, globose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or cylindrical, dehiscent, often tardily so, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Legumes | brown, slightly to conspicuously curved, 30–45 × 5–6 mm, minutely puberulent to glabrate, hairs ascending. |
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Seeds | 1–70, oblique-cordiform to oblong-reniform; hilar sinus obvious, aril sometimes conspicuous. |
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x | = 7, 8. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Crotalaria pallida var. obovata |
Crotalaria |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Oct, Dec–Apr (year-round). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, old or fallow fields, levees, lake edges, beach margins, disturbed sites, pine woods, dune scrub, palm-live oak edges. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America (El Salvador), South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), Asia, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Europe; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; tropics and subtropics; mostly eastern and southern tropical Africa [Introduced in Australia] |
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Discussion | Crotalaria pallida was collected in the flora area as early as 1886 as a ballast weed near Pensacola, Florida, by A. H. Curtis. Crotalaria striata Schumacher & Thonning is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 600 (15 in the flora). Crotalaria biflora Linnaeus (native to India) was collected in 1959 as a waif on chrome ore piles in Newport News, Virginia (C. F. Reed 1964). The species is an annual, distinguished as hirsute-villous to subsericeous, stems prostrate, 5–12 cm, leaves sessile, unifoliolate, blades ovate to oblong or oblong-ovate, surfaces villous-hirsute, flowers one or two, on axillary peduncles, and hirsute, ovoid to cylindrical-ovoid legumes. Crotalaria alata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don (native to Himalayan Asia) was collected in 1939 as an escape in Gainesville, Florida (W. A. Murrill s.n., MO); subsequently, it has not been recorded in the flora area. The species is perennial, distinguished as hirsute to strigose-hirsute, stems erect, 10–20 cm, leaves unifoliolate, blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, stipules decurrent, forming wings on internodes, and apically bilobed, flowers in terminal and axillary racemes, 4–10 cm, and legumes glabrous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. obovata, C. falcata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (G. Don) Polhill: Kew Bull. 22: 265. (1968) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 714. (1753) — name conserved: Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 320. (1754) — name conserved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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