Crotalaria lanceolata subsp. lanceolata |
Crotalaria |
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rabbitbells, rattlebox |
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Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial. | Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, unarmed; taprooted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, 30–150 cm, strigillose to strigose-hirsute. |
erect, ascending, spreading, decumbent, or prostrate, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Leaves | 3-foliolate; stipules absent; leaflet blades linear to linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 40–110(–150) mm, length 5–10 times width, surfaces sparsely strigose abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
alternate, palmately compound or unifoliolate; stipules present or absent, usually persistent, filiform to foliaceous; petiolate or subsessile; leaflets 1 or 3[–7], stipels absent, blades 5–150 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
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Racemes | 12–26(–40)-flowered, terminal, subterminal, or lateral, 10–35 cm; bracts persistent, subulate or filiform, 0.5–3 mm, basally expanded. |
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Inflorescences | (1 or)2–50-flowered, usually terminal or subterminal, leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, racemes [heads or flowers solitary or fascicled]; bracts present, persistent or caducous; bracteoles present, paired proximal to calyx. |
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Flowers | calyx broadly cylindrical, truncate basally and deflexed against pedicel, 2.5–4 mm, lobes subulate to triangular-acuminate, usually shorter than tube, shiny-glabrous or glabrate; corolla yellow with faint reddish purple lines, often dark purple basally, 8–11 mm. |
papilionaceous; calyx usually cylindrical, rarely campanulate or cupulate, lobes 5; corolla usually yellow, sometimes orangish, rarely white, blue, or lavender, glabrous or hairy outside; stamens 10, monadelphous; anthers alternately basifixed on long filaments and dorsifixed on small filaments, dehiscing longitudinally; style with 1 or 2 lines of hairs adaxially; stigma terminal, usually bilobed. |
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Fruits | legumes, subsessile to long-stipitate, usually inflated, globose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or cylindrical, dehiscent, often tardily so, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Legumes | (16–)18–38 × 4–6 mm, tip upcurved, strigose. |
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Seeds | 1–70, oblique-cordiform to oblong-reniform; hilar sinus obvious, aril sometimes conspicuous. |
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x | = 7, 8. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Crotalaria lanceolata subsp. lanceolata |
Crotalaria |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Nov, Jan–Apr (year-round). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy fields, sandhills, roadsides, ditches, river and swamp edges, woodland edges, disturbed areas, pine flatwoods, palm-live oak woods. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; NC; SC; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Colombia), e Asia (Taiwan), Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia] |
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Europe; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; tropics and subtropics; mostly eastern and southern tropical Africa [Introduced in Australia] |
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Discussion | Species ca. 600 (15 in the flora). Crotalaria biflora Linnaeus (native to India) was collected in 1959 as a waif on chrome ore piles in Newport News, Virginia (C. F. Reed 1964). The species is an annual, distinguished as hirsute-villous to subsericeous, stems prostrate, 5–12 cm, leaves sessile, unifoliolate, blades ovate to oblong or oblong-ovate, surfaces villous-hirsute, flowers one or two, on axillary peduncles, and hirsute, ovoid to cylindrical-ovoid legumes. Crotalaria alata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don (native to Himalayan Asia) was collected in 1939 as an escape in Gainesville, Florida (W. A. Murrill s.n., MO); subsequently, it has not been recorded in the flora area. The species is perennial, distinguished as hirsute to strigose-hirsute, stems erect, 10–20 cm, leaves unifoliolate, blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, stipules decurrent, forming wings on internodes, and apically bilobed, flowers in terminal and axillary racemes, 4–10 cm, and legumes glabrous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | unknown | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 714. (1753) — name conserved: Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 320. (1754) — name conserved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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