Crotalaria |
Crotalaria verrucosa |
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rabbitbells, rattlebox |
blue rattlebox, blue rattlesnake |
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Habit | Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, unarmed; taprooted. | Herbs annual. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, ascending, spreading, decumbent, or prostrate, glabrous or pubescent. |
erect, 30–80 cm, puberulent, hairs sharply upcurved, branches angled, slightly zigzag. |
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Leaves | alternate, palmately compound or unifoliolate; stipules present or absent, usually persistent, filiform to foliaceous; petiolate or subsessile; leaflets 1 or 3[–7], stipels absent, blades 5–150 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
unifoliolate; stipules ovate, orbiculate, or sickle-shaped, often encircling node, 7–20 mm; blade broadly obovate, elliptic, or broadly elliptic-lanceolate, 30–70(–120) mm, length 1–1.5(–2) times width, surfaces glabrous. |
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Racemes | 3–9(–15)-flowered, terminal, subterminal, or lateral, 3–6(–20) cm; bracts persistent or caducous, linear-triangular. |
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Inflorescences | (1 or)2–50-flowered, usually terminal or subterminal, leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, racemes [heads or flowers solitary or fascicled]; bracts present, persistent or caducous; bracteoles present, paired proximal to calyx. |
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Flowers | papilionaceous; calyx usually cylindrical, rarely campanulate or cupulate, lobes 5; corolla usually yellow, sometimes orangish, rarely white, blue, or lavender, glabrous or hairy outside; stamens 10, monadelphous; anthers alternately basifixed on long filaments and dorsifixed on small filaments, dehiscing longitudinally; style with 1 or 2 lines of hairs adaxially; stigma terminal, usually bilobed. |
calyx broadly cylindrical, 2–3 mm, lobes ovate to lanceolate, glabrous or slightly puberulous; corolla blue to lavender, often variegated with white or blue- to purple-lined, or, sometimes, white or pale yellow tinged blue (drying yellowish), 12–15 mm. |
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Fruits | legumes, subsessile to long-stipitate, usually inflated, globose, ovoid to ellipsoid, or cylindrical, dehiscent, often tardily so, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Legumes | 30–40 × 9–12 mm, moderately hirsute-pilose, hairs spreading to ascending. |
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Seeds | 1–70, oblique-cordiform to oblong-reniform; hilar sinus obvious, aril sometimes conspicuous. |
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x | = 7, 8. |
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Crotalaria |
Crotalaria verrucosa |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy wastes along beaches, thickets, hammocks. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Europe; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; tropics and subtropics; mostly eastern and southern tropical Africa [Introduced in Australia] |
FL; Asia (India) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies, Central America, South America, other regions of Asia, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
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Discussion | Species ca. 600 (15 in the flora). Crotalaria biflora Linnaeus (native to India) was collected in 1959 as a waif on chrome ore piles in Newport News, Virginia (C. F. Reed 1964). The species is an annual, distinguished as hirsute-villous to subsericeous, stems prostrate, 5–12 cm, leaves sessile, unifoliolate, blades ovate to oblong or oblong-ovate, surfaces villous-hirsute, flowers one or two, on axillary peduncles, and hirsute, ovoid to cylindrical-ovoid legumes. Crotalaria alata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don (native to Himalayan Asia) was collected in 1939 as an escape in Gainesville, Florida (W. A. Murrill s.n., MO); subsequently, it has not been recorded in the flora area. The species is perennial, distinguished as hirsute to strigose-hirsute, stems erect, 10–20 cm, leaves unifoliolate, blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, stipules decurrent, forming wings on internodes, and apically bilobed, flowers in terminal and axillary racemes, 4–10 cm, and legumes glabrous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
D. Isely (1998) noted that he had seen only two recent specimens, both from the Miami area, but that they were probably waifs; another collection has subsequently been observed from Martin County (Reed 99184, MO). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 714. (1753) — name conserved: Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 320. (1754) — name conserved | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 715. (1753) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |