Crocanthemum scoparium |
Crocanthemum canadense |
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Bisbee Peak rushrose, broom rushrose, peak rockrose, peak rush-rose |
Canada frostweed, Canada rockrose or frostweed, crocanthème du Canada |
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Habit | Subshrubs. | Herbs. | ||||
Stems | spreading to erect-fastigiate, 10–45 cm, usually sparsely stellate-pubescent to glabrate, sometimes densely lanate. |
ascending to erect, usually red-tinged, 15–50(–65) cm, stellate-pubescent to glabrate. |
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Leaves | cauline, tending to be deciduous in summer; petiole 0–2 mm; blade linear, 5–11 × 0.5–2(–3.5) mm, surfaces stellate-pubescent to glabrate abaxially, sparsely stellate-pubescent to glabrate adaxially, lateral veins obscure abaxially. |
cauline; petiole 1–3 mm; blade oblanceolate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, tapered to base, 12–30(–38) × 4–7(–10) mm, apex acute, surfaces stellate-tomentose and with scattered simple hairs abaxially, ± lustrous, sparsely stellate-pubescent and with simple hairs adaxially, lateral veins raised abaxially. |
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Inflorescences | terminal, panicles or racemes; chasmogamous flowers 1–18 per panicle or raceme, cleistogamous 0. |
terminal or subterminal, cymes; chasmogamous flowers 1–3 per cyme, cleistogamous 1–3 per glomerule, on lateral leafy branches 6–18 cm, flowering 1–3 months later than chasmogamous. |
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Pedicels | 2–6 mm, sparsely or not glandular-hairy; bracts 2–4 × 0.3–0.5 mm. |
(1.5–)4–10(–17) mm, with stellate and simple hairs; bracts absent. |
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Chasmogamous | flowers: outer sepals linear, 1.5–3.5 × 0.3 mm, inner sepals 3.5–5(–7.5) × 2–3 mm, apex acute to acuminate; calyx stellate-pubescent, hairs to 1 mm; petals obovate, 3–6 × 3–5 mm; capsules 2.8–3.8 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous. |
flowers: outer sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–1 mm, inner sepals 5–9 × 3.5–5 mm, apex acute; petals obovate, 8–15 × 6–14 mm; capsules 5–8 × 4–7 mm, glabrous. |
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Cleistogamous | flowers: outer sepals rudimentary, 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.4 mm, inner sepals obovate, 2.5–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acute; capsules 2.3–3.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. |
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2n | = 20. |
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Crocanthemum scoparium |
Crocanthemum canadense |
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Phenology | Flowering late Mar–Jul(–Aug). | |||||
Habitat | Sandy or rocky barrens, glades, sandhills, prairies, fields, roadsides, maritime grasslands and heathlands, interdunes, pine-oak woodlands, oak-hickory woodlands, rocky slopes | |||||
Elevation | 0–700 m (0–2300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; nw Mexico
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AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Even with the recognition of Crocanthemum aldersonii and C. suffrutescens as separate species, morphological diversity within C. scoparium still remains considerable. The two varieties here recognized show differences in habit, average plant height, number of flowers, and distribution. Another variant occurs sporadically along the coast and on Santa Cruz Island, from Monterey to San Diego counties; vegetative parts (at least distal branches, pedicels, and sepals) are covered with white, lanate hairs. This variant has never been formally named. Another form from coastal Mendocino County was called “Helianthemum mendocinensis” by Alice Eastwood on a specimen (H. E. Brown 785, JEPS); the name was never published. These plants have densely stellate-pubescent stems and exceptionally elongate sepal tips. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crocanthemum canadense and C. dumosum are distinguished from sympatric species by simple hairs among the stellate ones on leaf surfaces and by reddish colored stems. Until the twentieth century, C. canadense was treated much more broadly, to include C. bicknellii, C. dumosum, and C. propinquum; it differs from C. bicknellii and C. propinquum by having simple hairs on foliage (versus stellate only) and larger cleistogamous capsules. Its closest relative is 7. C. dumosum; see that treatment for identification aids. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 407. | FNA vol. 6, p. 403. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cistaceae > Crocanthemum | Cistaceae > Crocanthemum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Helianthemum scoparium | Cistus canadensis, Helianthemum canadense, H. canadense var. sabulonum, Lechea major | ||||
Name authority | (Nuttall) Millspaugh: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 5: 175. (1923) | (Linnaeus) Britton: in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 540. (1913) | ||||
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