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rosemary frostweed

Canada frostweed, Canada rockrose or frostweed, crocanthème du Canada

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

ascending to erect, (13–)20–40(–51) cm, stellate-tomentose.

ascending to erect, usually red-tinged, 15–50(–65) cm, stellate-pubescent to glabrate.

Leaves

cauline and, sometimes, basal basal mat-forming;

petiole 1–3 mm;

blade obovate, 10–22 × 3–5 mm;

cauline: petiole 1–4 mm;

blade oblanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 10–38(–48) × 2–5.5(–7.8) mm, margins revolute;

surfaces stellate-tomentose abaxially, stellate-pubescent adaxially, without simple hairs;

lateral veins obscure abaxially.

cauline;

petiole 1–3 mm;

blade oblanceolate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, tapered to base, 12–30(–38) × 4–7(–10) mm, apex acute, surfaces stellate-tomentose and with scattered simple hairs abaxially, ± lustrous, sparsely stellate-pubescent and with simple hairs adaxially, lateral veins raised abaxially.

Inflorescences

axillary and terminal, solitary flowers or glomerules; chasmogamous flowers solitary, at tips of branches, overtopping cleistogamous, cleistogamous 2–7 per glomerule, flowering 1–3 months later than chasmogamous.

terminal or subterminal, cymes; chasmogamous flowers 1–3 per cyme, cleistogamous 1–3 per glomerule, on lateral leafy branches 6–18 cm, flowering 1–3 months later than chasmogamous.

Pedicels

10–22 mm;

bracts 3–7 × 0.5–1 mm.

(1.5–)4–10(–17) mm, with stellate and simple hairs;

bracts absent.

Chasmogamous

flowers: outer sepals linear, 1.2–2.5 × 0.2 mm, inner sepals 2.5–4.3 × 1.3–2 mm, apex acute;

petals obovate, 4–6 × 3.5–5 mm;

capsules 2–3 × 1.4–1.8 mm, glabrous.

flowers: outer sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–1 mm, inner sepals 5–9 × 3.5–5 mm, apex acute;

petals obovate, 8–15 × 6–14 mm;

capsules 5–8 × 4–7 mm, glabrous.

Cleistogamous

flowers: outer sepals linear, 0.5–1 × 0.2 mm, inner sepals ovate, 1.5–1.8 × 1–1.5 mm, apex acute;

capsules 1.3–1.7 × 1–1.3 mm, glabrous.

flowers: outer sepals rudimentary, 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.4 mm, inner sepals obovate, 2.5–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acute;

capsules 2.3–3.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 20.

Crocanthemum rosmarinifolium

Crocanthemum canadense

Phenology Flowering May–Jul. Flowering late Mar–Jul(–Aug).
Habitat Dry, sandy roadsides, openings in pine and pine-oak woodlands, disturbed soil of clearings and fields Sandy or rocky barrens, glades, sandhills, prairies, fields, roadsides, maritime grasslands and heathlands, interdunes, pine-oak woodlands, oak-hickory woodlands, rocky slopes
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft) 0–700 m (0–2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX; West Indies (Dominican Republic)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Crocanthemum rosmarinifolium is easily distinguished from sympatric species by its slender leaves, relatively small petaliferous flowers, occasional basal leaves, and overall pale color. As noted by R. M. Harper over a century ago, it seems not to occupy natural habitats and is found primarily on roadsides. Populations in the Dominican Republic occur up to at least 2200 m.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Crocanthemum canadense and C. dumosum are distinguished from sympatric species by simple hairs among the stellate ones on leaf surfaces and by reddish colored stems. Until the twentieth century, C. canadense was treated much more broadly, to include C. bicknellii, C. dumosum, and C. propinquum; it differs from C. bicknellii and C. propinquum by having simple hairs on foliage (versus stellate only) and larger cleistogamous capsules. Its closest relative is 7. C. dumosum; see that treatment for identification aids.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 407. FNA vol. 6, p. 403.
Parent taxa Cistaceae > Crocanthemum Cistaceae > Crocanthemum
Sibling taxa
C. aldersonii, C. arenicola, C. bicknellii, C. canadense, C. carolinianum, C. corymbosum, C. dumosum, C. georgianum, C. glomeratum, C. greenei, C. nashii, C. propinquum, C. scoparium, C. suffrutescens
C. aldersonii, C. arenicola, C. bicknellii, C. carolinianum, C. corymbosum, C. dumosum, C. georgianum, C. glomeratum, C. greenei, C. nashii, C. propinquum, C. rosmarinifolium, C. scoparium, C. suffrutescens
Synonyms Helianthemum rosmarinifolium, C. domingense, C. stenophyllum Cistus canadensis, Helianthemum canadense, H. canadense var. sabulonum, Lechea major
Name authority (Pursh) Janchen: in H. G. A. Engler et al., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 307. (1925) (Linnaeus) Britton: in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 540. (1913)
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