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poison bulb, tree crinum

string-lily, swamp-lily

Habit Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs with elongate columnar apices.
Bulbs

25 cm or more × 10–12 cm.

Leaves

numerous, 10 dm or more × 7.5–12 cm;

blade ensiform, gradually tapering to apex.

basal, thick;

blade lorate or ensiform, not narrowed near base.

Scape

stout, 2-edged.

solid.

Inflorescences

umbellate, few- to many-flowered, subtended by 2 large, lanceolate, scarious bracts.

Umbels

20–100-flowered.

Flowers

perianth white, salverform, tube 3–7.5 cm, limb lobes linear, 7.5 × 1–1.5 cm;

pedicel 1–2 cm.

sessile or pedicellate;

perianth connate proximally, red to white, often striped, streaked, or overlaid with red abaxially, funnelform to salverform to semicampanulate, tube straight to curved, ca. same length as limb lobes;

stamens inserted on perianth tube throat;

filaments thin, often declinate;

ovary inferior, globose;

style slender;

stigma capitate.

Fruits

capsular, globose or subglobose, usually prominently beaked.

Capsules

to 5 cm diam., beak long.

Seeds

fleshy, testa often corky.

Crinum asiaticum

Crinum

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Wet areas
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; LA; tropical Asia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Tropical and warm regions worldwide; mostly in Africa
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Crinum asiaticum is a robust and highly variable species that is distinguished by its very broad leaves. The bulb is reputed to be poisonous.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 100 (4 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers sessile or nearly so.
→ 2
1. Flowers distinctly pedicellate.
→ 3
2. Perianth white.
C. americanum
2. Perianth purplish red, particularly abaxially.
C. zeylanicum
3. Perianth pink to red; leaves 3–5 cm wide; umbels 8–13-flowered.
C. bulbispermum
3. Perianth white; leaves 7.5–12 cm wide; umbels 20–100-flowered.
C. asiaticum
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 279. FNA vol. 26, p. 278. Author: Walter C. Holmes.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Crinum Liliaceae
Sibling taxa
C. americanum, C. bulbispermum, C. zeylanicum
Subordinate taxa
C. americanum, C. asiaticum, C. bulbispermum, C. zeylanicum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 292. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 291. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 141. (1754)
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