Crepis vesicaria |
Crepis zacintha |
|
---|---|---|
beak hawk's-beard, weedy hawksbeard |
striped hawksbeard |
|
Habit | Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 3–120 cm (taproots slender to thick, caudices swollen). | Annuals, 20–30 cm (taproots shallow). |
Stems | 1, erect to arcuate or decumbent (green or purple proximally), usually much branched, glabrate to hispid and/or tomentose, sometimes sparsely setose (setae black). |
1–3, erect, simple or dichotomously branched proximally or distally, hispid proximally, glabrous distally. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate (bases clasping); blades oblanceolate to ovate, often runcinate, 10–35 × 2–8 cm, margins pinnately lobed to toothed (terminal lobes relatively large), apices obtuse or acute, faces usually hirsute (hairs sometimes only on veins) or glabrous (cauline sessile, bases auriculate, clasping, margins ± toothed). |
basal and cauline; petiolate; blades lyrate,10–20 × 3–4 cm, pinnately lobed (lateral lobes remote, triangular, terminal lobes relatively large, ovate or truncate), apices obtuse, faces hispid (hairs pale, relatively short). |
Involucres | cylindro-campanulate (becoming turbinate or urceolate in fruit), 5–14 × 5–6 mm. |
cylindric, 5–7 × 3–7 mm. |
Florets | 50–70; corollas yellow (reddish abaxially), 6–15 mm. |
ca. 30; corollas yellow, deep purplish red abaxially, 7 mm. |
Phyllaries | 7–16, (reflexed at maturity) lanceolate, 10–12 mm, (margins green to yellowish), apices obtuse or acute (ciliate), abaxial faces tomentose and often stipitate-glandular, adaxial with fine, appressed hairs. |
10, lanceolate (proximal 1/2 of each becoming indurate, swollen and angular in fruit, enclosing and partially fused to cypsela, margins green), apices bent at right angles (ciliate), abaxial faces basally tomentulose, adaxial glabrous. |
Calyculi | of 5–12, ovate to linear-lanceolate, glabrous bractlets 3–4 mm (reflexed in fruit, scarious). |
of 5, lanceolate, glabrous or proximally tomentulose bractlets 3–6 mm. |
Heads | 10–20, in lax, corymbiform arrays. |
borne singly (sessile in axils of branches). |
Cypselae | (monomorphic or dimorphic) pale brown or yellowish, fusiform, 4–9 mm, outer wider with apices attenuate (not beaked), inner gradually tapered, beaked (beaks 2–5 mm, ± equal to bodies), ribs 10 (narrow); pappi white (fine, soft), 3–6 mm. |
(dimorphic) yellowish, ribs 10 (smooth), outer strongly compressed and triangular, obconic, 2–2.5 mm, strongly constricted proximally, apices truncate, inner obconic, ca. 2.5 mm, tapered proximally, apices constricted; pappi white (fine, soft), 1.5 mm. |
2n | = 8, 16. |
= 6. |
Crepis vesicaria |
Crepis zacintha |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Sandy clearings, hillsides | Grassy slopes, fields, gravelly waste areas, roadsides |
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | 200–300 m (700–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CT; NC; NY; OR; PA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced, South America]
|
TX; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Native to the Mediterranean region of western Europe, Crepis vesicaria is recognized by its annual or biennial habit, pinnately lobed leaves, reflexed calyculi, tomentose and glandular phyllaries, and slender, long-beaked inner cypselae. It is polymorphic; subspecies are recognized in Europe. E. B. Babcock (1947) identified the North American plants as subsp. taraxaciflora (Thuiller) Thellung, which some Europeans (T. G. Tutin et al. 1964–1980, vol. 4) have listed as a synonym of subsp. haenseleri (Boissier ex de Candolle) P. D. Sell. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crepis zacintha is recognized by its annual habit, lyrate-pinnatifid leaves mostly in rosettes, cymiform-dichotomous branching, single heads in axils of branches, indurate and bent phyllaries, and dimorphic, angular cypselae. Because of its unique morphology, it sometimes has been assigned to a separate, monotypic genus (Zacintha Miller). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 238. | FNA vol. 19, p. 238. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Crepis | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Crepis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lapsana zacintha, Rhagadiolus zacintha, Zacintha verrucosa | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 805. (1753) | (Linnaeus) Babcock: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 19: 404. (1941) |
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