Crepis vesicaria |
Crepis biennis |
|
---|---|---|
beak hawk's-beard, weedy hawksbeard |
rough hawk's-beard |
|
Habit | Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 3–120 cm (taproots slender to thick, caudices swollen). | Biennials, 20–120 cm (taproots branched). |
Stems | 1, erect to arcuate or decumbent (green or purple proximally), usually much branched, glabrate to hispid and/or tomentose, sometimes sparsely setose (setae black). |
1, erect, slender to robust, branched proximally or near middles, ± setulose or glabrescent. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate (bases clasping); blades oblanceolate to ovate, often runcinate, 10–35 × 2–8 cm, margins pinnately lobed to toothed (terminal lobes relatively large), apices obtuse or acute, faces usually hirsute (hairs sometimes only on veins) or glabrous (cauline sessile, bases auriculate, clasping, margins ± toothed). |
basal and cauline; petiolate (at least basal); blades oblanceolate to runcinate, 5–25 × 1.5–7.5 cm, margins pinnately lobed or dentate (terminal lobes triangular), apices ± acute, faces slightly scabrous (hairs yellow, fine). |
Involucres | cylindro-campanulate (becoming turbinate or urceolate in fruit), 5–14 × 5–6 mm. |
campanulate, 8–13 × 5–9 mm. |
Florets | 50–70; corollas yellow (reddish abaxially), 6–15 mm. |
30–100; corollas yellow, 12–18 mm. |
Phyllaries | 7–16, (reflexed at maturity) lanceolate, 10–12 mm, (margins green to yellowish), apices obtuse or acute (ciliate), abaxial faces tomentose and often stipitate-glandular, adaxial with fine, appressed hairs. |
10–17 (pale to dark green or nearly black) linear-lanceolate, 10–11 mm, (margins scarious) apices acute to obtuse (ciliate), abaxial faces ± canescent-tomentose, adaxial often with yellowish or black, appressed hairs. |
Calyculi | of 5–12, ovate to linear-lanceolate, glabrous bractlets 3–4 mm (reflexed in fruit, scarious). |
of 7–9, lance-linear, glabrous or tomentulose bractlets 3–6 mm. |
Heads | 10–20, in lax, corymbiform arrays. |
12–14, in simple or compound, corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | (monomorphic or dimorphic) pale brown or yellowish, fusiform, 4–9 mm, outer wider with apices attenuate (not beaked), inner gradually tapered, beaked (beaks 2–5 mm, ± equal to bodies), ribs 10 (narrow); pappi white (fine, soft), 3–6 mm. |
yellowish or reddish brown, fusiform, 4–7 mm, apices narrowed (not beaked), ribs 13–20; pappi white, 5–7 mm (somewhat unequal). |
2n | = 8, 16. |
= 40. |
Crepis vesicaria |
Crepis biennis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Sandy clearings, hillsides | Meadows and fields |
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | 500–1200 m (1600–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CT; NC; NY; OR; PA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced, South America]
|
MI; NY; OH; PA; VA; VT; NF; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Native to the Mediterranean region of western Europe, Crepis vesicaria is recognized by its annual or biennial habit, pinnately lobed leaves, reflexed calyculi, tomentose and glandular phyllaries, and slender, long-beaked inner cypselae. It is polymorphic; subspecies are recognized in Europe. E. B. Babcock (1947) identified the North American plants as subsp. taraxaciflora (Thuiller) Thellung, which some Europeans (T. G. Tutin et al. 1964–1980, vol. 4) have listed as a synonym of subsp. haenseleri (Boissier ex de Candolle) P. D. Sell. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crepis biennis is recognized by its biennial habit, pinnately lobed leaves with triangular lobes, and relatively short hairs on the adaxial faces of the phyllaries. It has been reported from Newfoundland but apparently does not persist there. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 238. | FNA vol. 19, p. 227. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Crepis | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Crepis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 805. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 807. (1753) |
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