Crepis capillaris |
Crepis zacintha |
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crépis capillaire, smooth hawk's-beard |
striped hawksbeard |
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Habit | Annuals or biennials, 10–90 cm (taproots shallow). | Annuals, 20–30 cm (taproots shallow). |
Stems | 1(–6+), erect to ± procumbent, usually simple (usually with single stout leader, sometimes multiple with slender laterals), hispid proximally or throughout. |
1–3, erect, simple or dichotomously branched proximally or distally, hispid proximally, glabrous distally. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate (petiole bases clasping); blades lanceolate or oblanceolate, runcinate or lyrate, 5–30 × 1–4.5 cm, margins pinnately divided to sharply dentate (lobes remote, unequal), apices obtuse or acute, mucronate, faces glabrous or sparsely hispid (hairs yellow; proximal cauline auriculate and clasping). |
basal and cauline; petiolate; blades lyrate,10–20 × 3–4 cm, pinnately lobed (lateral lobes remote, triangular, terminal lobes relatively large, ovate or truncate), apices obtuse, faces hispid (hairs pale, relatively short). |
Involucres | cylindric to turbinate, 5–8 × 3–6 mm. |
cylindric, 5–7 × 3–7 mm. |
Florets | 20–60; corollas deep yellow (reddish abaxially), 8–12 mm (hairy). |
ca. 30; corollas yellow, deep purplish red abaxially, 7 mm. |
Phyllaries | 8–16, lanceolate, 6–7 mm (margins scarious), apices acute, abaxial faces stipitate-glandular and glandular setose (setae black, usually in 2 rows), adaxial glabrous. |
10, lanceolate (proximal 1/2 of each becoming indurate, swollen and angular in fruit, enclosing and partially fused to cypsela, margins green), apices bent at right angles (ciliate), abaxial faces basally tomentulose, adaxial glabrous. |
Calyculi | of 8, linear, tomentulose or stipitate-glandular bractlets 2–4 mm. |
of 5, lanceolate, glabrous or proximally tomentulose bractlets 3–6 mm. |
Heads | 10–15(–30+), in corymbiform arrays. |
borne singly (sessile in axils of branches). |
Cypselae | brownish yellow, fusiform, 1.5–2.5 mm, apices narrowed (not beaked), ribs 10 (glabrous or scabrous); pappi white (fluffy), 3–4 mm (scarcely surpassing phyllaries). |
(dimorphic) yellowish, ribs 10 (smooth), outer strongly compressed and triangular, obconic, 2–2.5 mm, strongly constricted proximally, apices truncate, inner obconic, ca. 2.5 mm, tapered proximally, apices constricted; pappi white (fine, soft), 1.5 mm. |
2n | = 6. |
= 6. |
Crepis capillaris |
Crepis zacintha |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Nov. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Meadows, pastures, lawns, roadsides, fields, waste places | Grassy slopes, fields, gravelly waste areas, roadsides |
Elevation | 0–1300 m (0–4300 ft) | 200–300 m (700–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NB; NS; ON; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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TX; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Crepis capillaris is recognized by its shallow root system, dense rosettes of coarsely dentate or pinnately lobed leaves, erect slender stems, auriculate-based cauline leaves, relatively small heads, phyllaries with double rows of black setae, and fluffy white pappi. It is weedy and can become a serious lawn pest. It is one of only three species of Crepis with 2n = 6; E. B. Babcock (1947) considered it to be advanced in the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crepis zacintha is recognized by its annual habit, lyrate-pinnatifid leaves mostly in rosettes, cymiform-dichotomous branching, single heads in axils of branches, indurate and bent phyllaries, and dimorphic, angular cypselae. Because of its unique morphology, it sometimes has been assigned to a separate, monotypic genus (Zacintha Miller). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 228. | FNA vol. 19, p. 238. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Crepis | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Crepis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lapsana capillaris, C. cooperi, C. virens | Lapsana zacintha, Rhagadiolus zacintha, Zacintha verrucosa |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Wallroth: Linnaea 14: 657. (1840) | (Linnaeus) Babcock: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 19: 404. (1941) |
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