Crepis atribarba |
Crepis |
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dark hawksbeard, slender hawksbeard |
crépis, hawksbeard |
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Habit | Perennials, 15–70 cm (taproots slender, caudices swollen, often covered by old leaf bases). | Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 3–120 cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous (roots deep or shallow, woody or fibrous, caudices often woody). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–2, erect, slender, usually branched distal to middles, glabrous or tomentulose. |
1–20+, erect to decumbent, simple (sometimes scapiform) or branched, usually striate, glabrous or hairy, often densely hispid or setose (hairs often stipitate-glandular). |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate; blades lanceolate to linear, 10–35 × 0.5–6 cm, margins deeply pinnately lobed (lobes narrowly lanceolate or linear, usually entire or toothed), apices acuminate, faces tomentulose to glabrate. |
basal (often in rosettes) and cauline; petiolate (at least basal, petioles ± winged); basal blades mostly elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate to linear, or spatulate to oblanceolate, often lyrate or runcinate, margins entire, dentate, serrate, toothed, or pinnately lobed, lobes sometimes toothed; cauline usually present, lobed or entire, usually reduced in size and lobing distally. |
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Peduncles | not inflated distally, not bracteate. |
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Involucres | cylindro-campanulate, 10–12 × 4–7 mm. |
cylindric to campanulate (sometimes becoming turbinate in fruit), 4–15 mm diam. |
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Receptacles | flat or convex, usually pitted, glabrous or hairy, epaleate [paleate, paleae narrow, thin]. |
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Florets | 6–35; corollas yellow, 10–18 mm. |
5–100+; corollas usually yellow or orange, sometimes white, pink, or reddish. |
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Phyllaries | 8–13, lanceolate, 10–12 mm (margins yellow, scarious, eciliate), apices acute, abaxial faces usually tomentulose, sometimes glabrous, often with coarse, green or blackish setae, adaxial glabrous or with fine, appressed hairs. |
5–18 in 1–2 series, lanceolate, equal or subequal, (bases becoming thickened and keeled, keels sometimes pronounced in fruit) margins green to yellowish, often scarious, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous, tomentose, or setose, sometimes stipitate-glandular, adaxial glabrous or with appressed hairs. |
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Calyculi | of 5–10, narrowly triangular to lanceolate, tomentose bractlets 1–3 mm. |
of 5–12, reduced, subulate to lanceolate or deltate bractlets in ± 1 series, mostly unequal, glabrous, tomentulose, or setose. |
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Heads | 3–30, in corymbiform arrays. |
(erect) usually in cymiform, corymbiform, or paniculiform arrays, sometimes borne singly. |
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Cypselae | dark or blackish green, subcylindric, 3–10 mm, apices tapered, not beaked, ribs 12–15 (distinct); pappi whitish, 5–9 mm. |
monomorphic or dimorphic, yellow, brown, green, red, and/or black, subcylindric or fusiform, terete or subterete, usually curved, apices tapered or beaked, ribs 10–20, sometimes spiculate-roughened, faces glabrous or hispidulous; pappi persistent or falling, of 80–150, usually distinct, sometimes basally connate, white to tawny, coarse to fine, ± equal (or outer shorter), barbellulate bristles in 1–2 series. |
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x | = 3, 4, 5, 6, 11. |
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2n | = 22, 33, 44, 55, 88. |
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Crepis atribarba |
Crepis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Dry, open, grassy places, sagebrush slopes, pine forests, gravelly stream banks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 200–3000 m (700–9800 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CO; ID; MT; NE; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK
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North America; Eurasia; Africa [Introduced nearly worldwide] |
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Discussion | Crepis atribarba is generally recognized by the deeply pinnately lobed leaves with linear lobes, fine tomentulose indument on stems and leaves, setose phyllaries, and dark green, strongly ribbed cypselae. It is a variable mixture that includes polyploid, apomictic forms and hybrids with C. acuminata and other species. The typical form is recognized by its short stature, narrow pinnately lobed, tomentulose leaves, stems with 3–10 heads, and phyllaries with scattered, black, eglandular setae. Larger, more robust forms with stems 30–70 cm, 10–30+ heads, narrower involucres, and few or no black setae have been recognized as subsp. originalis. The latter was considered by E. B. Babcock (1947) to represent the original diploid form of the species; it is difficult to distinguish in practice. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 200 (24 in the flora). Crepis is generally recognized by the rosettes of coarse, often pinnately lobed leaves, erect heads, epaleate receptacles, calyculate involucres, yellow corollas, subcylindric or fusiform, ribbed cypselae, and pappi of barbellulate bristles. The taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of Crepis were studied by E. B. Babcock (1947) and his associates. Their work was thorough and important because of the effort to incorporate cytogenetic information in the evolutionary analysis. Extensive survey of chromosome number and karyotype indicated two major ploidy groups in Crepis, corresponding to New World and Old World species complexes. Of the 12 species of Crepis native to North America, 10 are polyploids with x = 11. The core diploid populations commonly occupy discrete ecologic zones and are thought to be entirely distinct from one another, yet they are interconnected by a continuous complex series of intergrading polyploid forms that are partly or completely apomictic (Babcock). The polyploids are of two forms, autopolyploids that are similar to the diploids, and allopolyploids that combine the characteristics of two or more diploid species. The allopolyploid forms of hybrid origin may exhibit the characteristics of multiple parental species and therefore are difficult to classify. Some of the heterogeneous apomictic populations, or groups of populations, have been grouped together and recognized as subspecies; those taxa are often difficult to identify and further study is clearly needed. Despite these difficulties, the subspecific taxa of Babcock were tentatively included in the present study. The Old World species are mostly diploid (n = 3, 4, 5, or 6). Babcock concluded that there was a progressive decrease in the chromosome numbers, from n = 6 to n = 3. Along with the decrease is a corresponding increase in chromosome asymmetry and reduction in chromosome length. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 225. | FNA vol. 19, p. 222. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Crepis | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. exilis, C. exilis subsp. originalis, C. occidentalis var. gracilis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | A. Heller: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 314. (1899) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 805. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 350. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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