Crataegus succulenta |
Crataegus prona |
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aubépine succulente, fleshy hawthorn, succulent hawthorn |
Illinois hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 40–80 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | older trunks usually bearing compound thorns; twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old dark, shiny red-brown, 2–3-years old becoming dark gray, older ± paler gray; thorns on twigs numerous, usually recurved, shiny, 1-year old dark blackish brown, stout, 3–6(–8) cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old reddish brown, sometimes very dark, older mid gray; thorns on twigs recurved, 2-years old dark blackish red, ± shiny, ± slender, 3–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 1–2 cm, narrowly winged distally, glabrous, eglandular; blade rhombic-elliptic to broadly rhombic-ovate or elliptic, 4–7 cm widest near middle, subcoriaceous mature (then often blue-green), base cuneate (constricted), lobes 3–5 per side, obscure to well-marked, sinuses shallow, lobe apex usually subacute to obtuse, margins serrate except proximally, veins 6–8 per side, impressed, apex acute to subacute, rarely obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial scabrate-pubescent young. |
petiole 2–4 cm, glabrous, eglandular or sparsely glandular; blade deltate-ovate to ovate, 4–7 cm length/width = 1.1–1.2, subcoriaceous, base broadly rounded to ± cuneate, lobes 3–5 per side, sinuses usually shallow, lobe apex acute, margins strongly serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous except adaxial appressed-hairy young. |
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Inflorescences | 15–30-flowered; branches pubescent or glabrous; bracteoles linear, 1.7 cm, margins glandular. |
5–12-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles few, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 12–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 4–6 mm, margins glandular-serrate to glandular-laciniate, abaxially glabrous, adaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 20, anthers usually red or pink, rarely white, 0.5–0.7 mm; styles 2 or 3. |
16–18 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins subentire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 6–10, anthers red to purple; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | bright or deep red, lustrous, suborbicular, (4–)7–10(–14) mm diam., glabrous, rarely pubescent; flesh mealy or succulent mature; sepals spreading-reflexed; pyrenes 2 or 3, sides pitted. |
reddish orange to bright red, suborbicular to oblong, 8–11 mm diam.; sepals patent-reflexed or commonly erose; pyrenes 3 or 4, dorsally grooved. |
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2n | = 51. |
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Crataegus succulenta |
Crataegus prona |
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Phenology | Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Brush | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 100–300 m (300–1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CT; IA; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
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IN; MI; NY; PA; WI; ON |
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Discussion | Varieties 5 (5 in the flora). Crataegus succulenta ranges through the southern Great Lakes area to the middle St. Lawrence and southern New England, to Minnesota, to Iowa, Missouri (very rare), and Ohio, the Appalachians to North Carolina. An outlier has recently been recognized in Manitoba. The dark twig colors of Crataegus succulenta are dramatic in winter and the coral red expanding bud scales are conspicuous in spring, more so than in most other species of hawthorn except C. macracantha. In summer, its commonly bluish green leaves, eglandular petioles, and impressed venation combine with thorn and twig characteristics to make this and C. macracantha usually instantly recognizable. Crataegus succulenta often forms suckering thickets in the north. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus prona ranges from Wisconsin and Indiana through Michigan to New York and Pennsylvania. Crataegus prona is similar to C. populnea but with proportionately wider leaves and narrow pomes. When better known, it may prove the same as C. populnea. Crataegus gravis is a form with more oblong fruit and smaller leaves with sharper lobes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 518. | FNA vol. 9, p. 570. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Macracanthae > ser. Macracanthae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Populneae | ||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. gravis | |||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Schrader ex Link: Handbuch 2: 78. (1831) | Ashe: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 19: 17. (1903) | ||||||||||||||||
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